Magnetic resonance imaging of the rabbit knee: Detection of cartilage proteoglycan degradation

O’Byrne, E. M.; Paul, Pradip Kumar; Blancuzzi, V.; Wilson, Douglas E.; Gunson, Diane E.; Wang, J. Z.; Mezrich, Reuben; Douglas, Frank L.

doi:10.1007/bf01993283

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…MRI also demonstrates joint tissues in normal and pathological circumstances with high resolution, even in such a small joint as the rat knee (~1 cm 3, similar in volume to a human distal interphalangeal joint). Since rat knee articular cartilage is about 150-270 gm thick, or 2-4 pixels in the present HR images, the resolution achieved here is significantly better than previously reported [7,8,26,27], which may be important for resolving the subchondral changes observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 1995

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High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate antigen-induced monoarticular arthritis (AIMA) in the rat. In sagittal, spin-echo images of the knee, characteristic parallel bands, in the order dark-light-dark, were consistently observed 5-8 days after arthritis induction; the bands ran concentric with, and just beneath, the femoral and tibial articular surfaces. Concurrent radiology, histology and MRI (chemical shift-selective imaging and contrast enhancement with magnetisation transfer and gadolinium) established that the phenomenon reflected subchondral erosion, not artefact. The outer hypointense band corresponded to calcified cartilage underlying the articular surface. The central hyperintense band reflected inflammatory matrix displacing normal haematopoietic tissue immediately subchondrally; here, trabecular bone had mostly disappeared, but adjacent articular cartilage, although under attack and lacking proteoglycan, appeared structurally normal. The inner hypointense band reflected deeper, truncated trabeculae within inflammatory matrix, layered with pallisading osteoblast-like cells. This study exemplifies the power of MRI for revealing localised joint pathology non-invasively, and shows that rat AIMA shares many pathological features with arthritis in human beings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 1995

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“…It has been well established that one of the primary stages of cartilage degeneration is the loss of PG from the extracellular matrix. This has been demonstrated by studying natural and induced PG depletion in animal models for OA (2–5), and diseased human specimens (6–9), and by laboratory PG depletions on ex vivo specimens using enzymes (10–14). This loss can be correlated to the severity of the disease based on histological grading schemes (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

²³Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilage

Shapiro

Borthakur

Gougoutas

et al. 2002

Magnetic Resonance in Med

260

208

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One of the initiating steps of osteoarthritis is the loss of proteoglycan (PG) molecules from the cartilage matrix. One method for assessing cartilage integrity, therefore, is to measure the PG content or fixed charge density (FCD) of cartilage. This report shows the feasibility of calculating FCD by 23 Na MRI and introduces MRI protocols for human studies, in vivo.23 Na MRI was used to measure the sodium concentration inside bovine patellar cartilage. The sodium concentration was then converted to FCD (mM) by considering ideal Donnan equilibrium. These FCD measurements were compared to FCD measurements obtained through standard dimethylmethylene blue PG assays. There was a high correlation (slope ‫؍‬ 0.89, r 2 ‫؍‬ 0.81) between the FCD measurements obtained by 23 Na MRI and those obtained by the PG assays. These methods were then employed in quantifying the FCD of articular cartilage of human volunteers in vivo. Two imaging protocols were compared: one using a birdcage coil, the other using a transmit/receive surface coil. Both methodologies gave similar results, with the average sodium concentration of normal human patellar cartilage ranging from ϳ ϳ240 to 260 mM. This corresponds to

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“…The T 2 relaxation times have been reported to be unaffected (3,4) or slightly increased (5) by proteoglycan depletion while the T 1 relaxation time increase was reported to be significant (5,6). Extraction of proteoglycans led to an increase of apparent diffusion constants (ADCs) (7), however, different means of extraction produced substantial variability (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of apparent diffusion constant as an indicator of early degenerative disease in articular cartilage

Mlynárik

Sulzbacher

Bittšanský

et al. 2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To investigate the apparent diffusion constant (ADC) as a prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of early degeneration in articular cartilage. Materials and Methods:Early degenerative changes were studied using in vitro MRI on cartilage-bone specimens excised from human femoral condyles. The loss of proteoglycans developed in vivo due to a degenerative process was compared with a gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetate anion (Gd-DTPA 2-) enhanced decrease of T 1 relaxation times, and with an increase of ADCs and T 2 relaxation times.Results: Contrast enhanced T 1 values decreased and the diffusion constants increased in cartilage regions with depleted proteoglycans. The relative changes in diffusion constants were smaller than those of Gd-DTPA 2-enhanced T 1 , and in some proteoglycan-depleted regions no changes in the diffusion constants were detected. T 2 relaxation times showed considerable spatial variability that did not correlate with proteoglycan concentration. Conclusion:In contrast to Gd-DTPA 2-enhanced T 1 , which reflects changes in chemical composition, diffusion constants may reflect structural degradation of the cartilage matrix.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the rabbit knee: Detection of cartilage proteoglycan degradation

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

²³Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilage

Investigation of apparent diffusion constant as an indicator of early degenerative disease in articular cartilage

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the rabbit knee: Detection of cartilage proteoglycan degradation

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

Visualisation of subchondral erosion in rat monoarticular arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

23Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilage

Investigation of apparent diffusion constant as an indicator of early degenerative disease in articular cartilage

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Product

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²³Na MRI accurately measures fixed charge density in articular cartilage