Investigation of apparent diffusion constant as an indicator of early degenerative disease in articular cartilage

Mlynárik, Vladı́mir; Sulzbacher, Irene; Bittšanský, Michal; Fuiko, Reinhard; Trattnig, Siegfried

doi:10.1002/jmri.10276

Cited by 93 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…With the advancement of sensitive, noninvasive diagnostic technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (47)(48)(49), early detection of degradation of the superficial zone of cartilage may be possible and allow for early intervention. Current treatments do not appear to change the course of OA, with the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the articular cartilage remaining abnormal (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of proteoglycan 4 by chondrocyte subpopulations in cartilage explants, monolayer cultures, and resurfaced cartilage cultures

Schmidt

Schumacher

Voegtline

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To quantify the levels of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) expression by subpopulations of chondrocytes from superficial, middle, and deep layers of normal bovine calf cartilage in various culture systems.Methods. Bovine calf articular cartilage discs or isolated cells were used in 1 of 3 systems of chondrocyte culture: explant, monolayer, or transplant, for 1-9 days. PRG4 expression was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of spent medium and localized by immunohistochemistry at the articular surface and within chondrocytes in explants and cultured cells.Results. Superficial chondrocytes secreted much more PRG4 than did middle and deep chondrocytes in all cultures. The pattern of PRG4 secretion into superficial culture medium varied with the duration of culture, decreasing with time in explant culture (from ϳ25 g/cm 2 /day on days 0-1 to ϳ3 g/cm 2 /day on days 5-9), while increasing in monolayer culture (from ϳ1 pg/cell/ day on days 0-1 to ϳ7 pg/cell/day on days 7-9) and tending to increase in transplant culture (reaching ϳ2 g/cm 2 /day by days 7-9). In all of the culture systems, inclusion of ascorbic acid stimulated PRG4 secretion, and the source of PRG4 was immunolocalized to superficial cells.Conclusion. The results described here indicate that the phenotype of PRG4 secretion by chondrocytes in culture is generally maintained, in that PRG4 is expressed to a much greater degree by chondrocytes from the superficial zone than by those from the middle and deep zones. The marked up-regulation of PRG4 synthesis by ascorbic acid may have implications for cartilage homeostasis and prevention of osteoarthritic disease. Transplanting specialized cells that secrete PRG4 to a surface may impart functional lubrication and be generally applicable to many tissues in the body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of proteoglycan 4 by chondrocyte subpopulations in cartilage explants, monolayer cultures, and resurfaced cartilage cultures

Schmidt

Schumacher

Voegtline

et al. 2004

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Consequently, measuring the ADC of water molecules within the cartilage ECM can be used to infer cartilage tissue structure and architecture [84,85], with increased diffusivity linked to structural degradation of the ECM. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been demonstrated as a potential method for assessing cartilage degeneration in vivo [86] and monitoring its repair following surgery [8,87].…”

Section: Diffusion Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative parametric MRI of articular cartilage: a review of progress and open challenges

Binks

Hodgson²,

Ries³

et al. 2013

The British Journal of Radiology

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With increasing life expectancies and the desire to maintain active lifestyles well into old age, the impact of the debilitating disease osteoarthritis (OA) and its burden on healthcare services is mounting. Emerging regenerative therapies could deliver significant advances in the effective treatment of OA but rely upon the ability to identify the initial signs of tissue damage and will also benefit from quantitative assessment of tissue repair in vivo. Continued development in the field of quantitative MRI in recent years has seen the emergence of techniques able to probe the earliest biochemical changes linked with the onset of OA. Quantitative MRI measurements including T 1 , T 2 and T 1r relaxometry, diffusion weighted imaging and magnetisation transfer have been studied and linked to the macromolecular structure of cartilage. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage, sodium MRI and glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer techniques are sensitive to depletion of cartilage glycosaminoglycans and may allow detection of the earliest stages of OA. We review these current and emerging techniques for the diagnosis of early OA, evaluate the progress that has been made towards their implementation in the clinic and identify future challenges in the field.

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“…T 2 , diffusion and magnetization transfer are sensitive to the molecular structure and concentration of both collagen and GAG (161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166). Sodium MRI was the first technique proposed for specifically imaging the GAG concentration in cartilage, based on the fact that the charged sodium ion would distribute in cartilage in relation to the concentration of the charged GAG molecules (167) and has been shown to be clinically viable (168).…”

Section: Quantitative Measurements Of Cartilage Composition In Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis

2006

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative image analysis technology has recently started to generate a great wealth of quantitative information on articular cartilage and bone physiology, pathophysiology and degenerative changes in osteoarthritis. This paper reviews semiquantitative scoring of changes of articular tissues (e.g. WORMS ¼ whole-organ MRI scoring or KOSS ¼ knee osteoarthritis scoring system), quantification of cartilage morphology (e.g. volume and thickness), quantitative measurements of cartilage composition (e.g. T 2 , T 1rho , T 1Gd ¼ dGEMRIC index) and quantitative measurement of bone structure (e.g. app. BV/TV, app. TbTh, app. Tb.N, app. Tb.Sp) in osteoarthritis. For each of these fields we describe the hardware and MRI sequences available, the image analysis systems and techniques used to derive semiquantitative and quantitative parameters, the technical accuracy and precision of the measurements reported to date and current results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in osteoarthritis. Moreover, the paper summarizes studies that have compared MRI-based measurements with radiography and discusses future perspectives of quantitative MRI in osteoarthritis. In summary, the above methodologies show great promise for elucidating the pathophysiology of various tissues and identifying risk factors of osteoarthritis, for developing structure modifying drugs (DMOADs) and for combating osteoarthritis with new and better therapy. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEYWORDS: osteoarthritis; joint; cartilage; bone; magnetic resonance imaging; knee; image analysis; disease-modifying drugs RATIONALE FOR QUANTITATIVE MRI OF CARTILAGE AND BONE IN OSTEOARTHRITISThe health and integrity of diarthrodial (synovial) joints are prerequisites for pain-free movement and have a major impact on the quality of life. However, the population of individuals above the age of 65 years is rapidly growing and 70% of the women and 60% of the men aged 65 years or older suffer from degenerative joint disease [¼ osteoarthritis (OA)] (1-7). OA has been defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) as a 'heterogeneous group of conditions that leads to joint symptoms and signs which are associated with defective integrity of articular cartilage, in addition to related changes in the underlying bone at the joint margins'. It remains an open question whether the initial changes take place in cartilage or bone or other articular tissues and, more importantly, what the causal relationship between these changes is (5-19). Also, within each NMR IN BIOMEDICINE NMR Biomed. 2006; 19: 822-854 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:10.1002/nbm.1063 narrowing; JSW, joint space width; K, knee; KLG, Kellgren Lawrence grade; KOSS, knee osteoarthritis scoring system; LF, lateral femoral condyle; LT, lateral tibia; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MF, medial femoral condyle; MT, medial tibia; OA, osteoarthritis; OAI, Osteoarthritis Initiative; P, patella; PGs, proteoglycans;...

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Investigation of apparent diffusion constant as an indicator of early degenerative disease in articular cartilage

Cited by 93 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis of proteoglycan 4 by chondrocyte subpopulations in cartilage explants, monolayer cultures, and resurfaced cartilage cultures

Synthesis of proteoglycan 4 by chondrocyte subpopulations in cartilage explants, monolayer cultures, and resurfaced cartilage cultures

Quantitative parametric MRI of articular cartilage: a review of progress and open challenges

Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis

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