Magnetic resonance imaging in the complications of kidney transplantation

Depiction of Transplant Renal Vascular Anatomy and Complications: Unenhanced MR Angiography by Using Spatial Labeling with Multiple Inversion Pulses

“…Surgery was indicated in eight cases to facilitate the choice of appropriate therapy in transplant recipients. Currently, both computed tomographic (CT) angiography and contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography are valuable techniques that provide excellent results in assessment of transplant renal vessels (15)(16)(17). However, CT angiography requires the use of iodinated contrast material and exposes the patient to ionizing radiation.…”

Bright, photostable, and long-circulating NIR-II nanoparticles for wholeprocess monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation

“…Traditionally, the patency of the vascular anastomosis was determined by visual inspection of arterial pulse quality, venous filling, color, and turgidity of the renal graft (10), which mainly depended on the surgeons' experience and easily led to incorrect identification. Although imaging techniques like Doppler ultrasound, X-ray angiography (11), computed tomography (CT) (12), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (13), and radionuclide imaging (14) could be used for diagnosing surgical complications and assessing renal graft reperfusion, most of them have limitations for real time monitoring and tracing and may even suffer the drawbacks of radioactive injure (15), expensive costs, and cumbersome operations. In terms of these, fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as an ideal pathway for in situ and real time monitoring various diagnosis or therapeutic processes such as cancer imaging in oncological surgeries, angiography and intraoperative identification of ureters (16,17,18).…”

Bright, photostable and long-circulating NIR-II nanoparticles for whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation

“…However, this method heavily relied on the surgeons’ experience and often led to incorrect identification. While imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasound, X-ray angiography [ 11 ], computed tomography (CT) [ 12 ], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 13 ] and radionuclide imaging [ 14 ] can be employed to diagnose surgical complications and assess renal graft reperfusion, most of these methods have limitations in real-time monitoring and tracing. Additionally, they may suffer from drawbacks such as radioactive exposure [ 15 ], high costs and cumbersome procedures.…”