Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with nipple discharge: should we recommend it?

Abstract

In women with ND, CEMRI should be recommended when conventional imaging is negative. Unexplained ND could be considered an indication for CEMRI.

Ductectasia of the Breast; An Experience With Hadfield Operation (Radical Excision of the Subareolar Duct System)

“…However, further studies are required to define its role more clearly, as there are still limitations in clinical practice (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may play an adjunctive role, aiding in the differentiation of benign ductal abnormalities from malignant ones (15)(16)(17)(18). Although not a routine practice in the United Kingdom; a number of techniques have been used to determine the cause of nipple discharge, beyond the triple assessment.…”

Suspicious Nipple Discharge Diagnostic Evaluation

“…Lorenzon et al (2011) found that CEMRI could identify 5/5 cancers (sensitivity = 100%) and 13/14 high-risk lesions (sensitivity = 92.9%) (overall sensitivity, 94.7%; overall specificity, 78.9%). In addition, it was found that 3 of 5 cancers (1 invasive, 1 in situ, 1 contralateral invasive) and 2 of 14 highrisk lesions could be detected only by CEMRI.…”

“…DG is invasive and time-consuming with potential complications including intense pain, mastitis, lymphatic opacification, and duct perforation (Cardenosa et al, 1994;Lorenzon et al, 2011;Tabar et al, 1983). The rate of incomplete and/or technically inadequate conventional DG has been reported to be as high as 10-15% (Morrogh et al, 2008;Sickles, 2000).…”

“…CEMRI had a sensitivity of 89% (8/9) for malignant lesions. These authors have concluded that while MMG in combination with DG remains the primary diagnostic tool, the addition of CEMRI can demonstrate the location and distribution of lesions, especially in malignant cases, and therefore recommend performing a CEMRI to detect underlying lesions that may have been misdiagnosed by conventional imaging (Lorenzon et al, 2011;Van Goethem et al, 2009). …”

Case series: imaging features of intraductal papillomas in patients presenting as nipple discharge

“…It is the third most common breast complain after breast pain and breast lump, with a reported prevalence of 4.8-7.4%. 2 It is a true, direct drainage from the mammary duct or ducts, which appears on the surface of the nipple.…”