Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Brain Stem Abscessation in Two Cats

Klopp, Lisa S.; Hathcock, John T.; Sorjonen, Donald C.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02077.x

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The MR appearance of the abscess in this case is typical of a mature brain abscess, including pockets of T2-hyperintense material surrounded by a T2-hypointense rim, large amounts of vasogenic edema, and strong peripheral contrast enhancement [7][8][9]. One apparently distinct and as yet unexplained MRI feature of brain abscesses that was present in this case is the appearance of multiple rims on T2-weighted sequences (Figure 1(a) and inset).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT and MRI characteristics of brain abscesses have been described in humans and domestic animals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The MR appearance of the abscess in this case is typical of a mature brain abscess, including pockets of T2-hyperintense material surrounded by a T2-hypointense rim, large amounts of vasogenic edema, and strong peripheral contrast enhancement [7][8][9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical Treatment of a Chronic Brain Abscess and Growing Skull Fracture in a Dog

Hodshon

Narak

Craig

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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A 2-year-old female spayed Miniature Dachshund was presented for seizures and right prosencephalic signs. A multiloculated, ring-enhancing mass in the right cerebrum associated with dilation of the right lateral ventricle and brain herniation was seen on magnetic resonance imaging. An irregular calvarial defect with smoothly scalloped edges was seen overlying the mass on computed tomography. The mass was removed via craniectomy and was diagnosed as a chronic brain abscess caused by Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The patient was maintained on antibiotics for 12 weeks. Follow-up MRI performed 14 weeks after surgery confirmed complete removal of the abscess as well as a contrast-enhancing collection of extra-axial material consistent with a chronic subdural hematoma. The neurologic abnormalities, including seizures, have improved in the 44 months since surgery. Brain abscesses in dogs can have an insidious clinical course prior to causing serious neurologic deterioration. Ventricular entrapment by an intracranial mass can contribute to acute neurologic decline. If surgically accessible, outcome following removal of a brain abscess can be excellent; aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture should be performed in these cases. Subdural hematoma can occur following removal of a large intracranial mass. Growing skull fractures can occur in dogs but may not require specific surgical considerations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Treatment of a Chronic Brain Abscess and Growing Skull Fracture in a Dog

Hodshon

Narak

Craig

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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“…In 10 cats for which the outcome was reported, 2/10 (20%) recovered with no residual neurologic deficits, 2/ 10 (20%) recovered with persistent neurologic deficits, 4/ 10 (40%) were euthanized because of clinical deterioration, and 2/10 (20%) died. 6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The high mortality associated with bacterial CNS infections is because of the difficulty of diagnosing the disease, which results in delayed or inappropriate therapy. One recent study of cats with inflammatory CNS disease found that an antemortem diagnosis could not be made in 18/62 (29%) cases.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…CSF results are available for 5 cats with bacterial CNS infection, and all of these cases had increased numbers of WBC (75-42,750/mL) and neutrophilic pleocytosis (55-100%), with increased protein concentrations (94-620 mg/dL) in their CSF. 10,12,14,15,17 The association between suppurative inflammation and bacterial CNS infection leads many clinicians to treat patients empirically with antibiotics, even when CSF cultures are negative. The choice of antibiotic is complicated by the fact that many species of bacteria can cause CNS infections in cats.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6,10,16 Anaerobic bacterial infections include Actinomyces and Flavobacterium meningosepticum, as well as mixed infections with Bacteroides and Fusobacterium; Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Eubacteria; or multiple anaerobic species (1/10). [11][12][13]15,17 Mixed infection with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria is reported. 15 This large variety of organisms emphasizes the importance of obtaining a definitive diagnosis and identification of the infecting bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Meningoencephalomyelitis Caused by Pasteurella multocida in a Cat

Messer

Kegge

Colitz

et al. 2006

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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A n approximately 2-month-old female kitten was examined at The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for severe hypothermia and stupor after being found in a garbage dumpster. Her body temperature on presentation was ,89uF, and she was nonresponsive to stimulation.After resuscitation with warm fluids, IV and intraperitoneal, the kitten's body temperature increased to 99.4uF, but marked neurologic deficits persisted. She was stuporous, with intermittent left torticollis and tetraparesis. Menace response was absent in both eyes (menace response is variable in kittens of this age), with miosis and an elevated left third eyelid. Conscious proprioception was absent in the right thoracic and pelvic limbs, and decreased in the left thoracic and pelvic limbs. Extensor postural thrust was slightly decreased on the left and absent on the right side of the body. Spinal reflexes were normal, with the exception of decreased flexor withdrawal reflexes in the thoracic limbs, worse on the right. Hyperpathia was identified from the mid-to caudalcervical region. The neuroanatomic localization was multifocal, primarily affecting the left forebrain, with involvement of C6-T2 spinal cord segments. Differential diagnoses included toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, feline infectious peritonitis, rabies, bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis, congenital neurologic disease, or trauma with hemorrhage into the central nervous system (CNS). Because of the kitten's young age, bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis, congenital disease, or trauma were considered the most likely diagnoses.Interpretation of CBC results revealed a nonregenerative anemia (hematocrit 20%, reference range, 25-46%), with no reticulocytes on the blood smear. The leukocyte count was normal (5. The kitten was admitted to the intensive care unit and given 0.9% NaCl (4.5 mL/kg/h) and clindamycin a (10 mg/kg IV q12h, slowly). Within 12 hours, the kitten began eating on her own, despite continued severe neurologic deficits. On day 2, she was anesthetized with propofol, and atlanto-occipital cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) centesis was performed. After the neck area was clipped for the procedure, small scars consistent with previous bite wounds were observed. CSF was colorless and cloudy, with a protein concentration of 31 mg/dL (reference range, ,20 mg/dL) and 981 white blood cells (WBC)/mL (reference range, ,5 WBC/mL). Interpretation of a WBC differential count revealed 98% neutrophils, 1% large monocytes, and 1% lymphocytes. The neutrophils appeared mildly degenerate, and rare extracellular and intracellular paired rodshaped bacteria were identified (Fig 1). Ceftazidime b (30 mg/kg IV q8h) and dexamethasone c (0.07 mg/kg IV q24h 3 3 days) were added to the therapy. The remaining CSF was submitted for aerobic bacterial culture and universal bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.The kitten developed a fever of 104.4uF on day 3, which resolved within 6 hours. Her serum sodium concentration remained below the normal reference range through day 4, at which time her IV ...

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