Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Effects on Metallic Brackets and Wires: Does It Alter the Temperature and Bonding Efficacy of Orthodontic Devices?

Sfondrini, Maria Francesca; Preda, Lorenzo; Calliada, Fabrizio; Carbone, Lorenzo; Lungarotti, Luca; Bernardinelli, Luisa; Gandini, Paola; Scribante, Andrea

doi:10.3390/ma12233971

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As such, it is important to reproduce these parameters in further randomized clinical trials and then compare the results with the present study. Moreover, other very common intra-oral situations, such as the presence of zirconia prosthetics, the demand for aesthetic ceramic brackets, or the influence of external conditions like magnetic resonance exposition, that have been reported to influence SBS could not be evaluated in our in vitro study [25][26][27][28]. However, further studies can be designed to check the behavior of the materials in these common clinical situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remaining index (ARI) using one conventional and two novel adhesive systems with clinical step reduction and direct and indirect bonding. A sample of 72 human premolars were divided into six groups of 12 samples. The first three groups (G1, G2, G3) were bonded with a direct technique, while the remaining groups (G4, G5, G6) were bonded by the indirect technique. Groups G1 and G4 used conventional acid-etching primer composite (XT); groups G2 and G5 used self-etching bonding (BO), and groups G3 and G6 had an acid-etching treatment followed by a self-adhesive composite (OC). All groups were exposed to thermocycling. Shear bond strength was analyzed with a universal test machine, and the ARI was examined with 4× magnification. The results showed statistically significant differences between the three adhesive systems. The highest strength values were observed in the XT group G1 (13.54 ± 4 MPa), while the lowest were shown in the BO G2 samples (5.05 ± 2 MPa). There was no significant difference between the direct or indirect bonding techniques on the three compared groups. The type of primer and bonding material significantly influenced the SBS. Values with self-etching bonding were below the minimum recommended for clinical use (5.9–7.8 MPa). There was no difference between indirect and direct bonding techniques. The lowest ARI scores (0–1) were observed in both self-etching and BO groups. Further clinical studies are needed to compare in vivo results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems

et al. 2020

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“…Although these changes were statistically significant, they were clinically not relevant. Therefore, the researchers of the mentioned study concluded that these fixed orthodontic appliances presented a low risk with no difference between the 1.5 T and 3 T groups [ 12 ]. We found only one article in the literature which used a 7 T MRI machine for testing the heating effect of retainer wire, the results of which were indicative of only an irrelevant 1.5 °C increase during the study [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, Sfondrini examined 220 orthodontic appliances (brackets and wires) and demonstrated that there was no relevant debonding effect tested with the shear bond strength test and there were no significant differences between the different materials and sizes of wires [ 12 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI compatibility of orthodontic brackets and wires: systematic review article

Dobai

Dembrovszky

Vízkelety³

et al. 2022

BMC Oral Health

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Background Before the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination fixed orthodontic devices, such as brackets and wires, cause challenges not only for the orthodontist but also for the radiologist. Essentially, the MRI-safe scan of the fixed orthodontic tools requires a proper guideline in clinical practice. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine all aspects of MRI-safe scan, including artifact, thermal, and debonding effects, to identify any existing gaps in knowledge in this regard and develop an evidence-based protocol. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in this study. The clinical question in “PIO” format was: “Does MRI examination influence the temperature of the orthodontic devices, the size of artifacts, and the debonding force in patients who have fixed orthodontic bracket and/or wire?” The search process was carried out in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The search resulted in 1310 articles. After selection according to the eligibility criteria, 18 studies were analyzed by two reviewers. The risk of bias was determined using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Results Out of the eligible 18 studies, 10 articles examined the heating effect, 6 were about the debonding effect, and 11 measured the size of artifact regarding brackets and wires. Considering the quality assessment, the overall levels of evidence were high and medium. The published studies showed that heating and debonding effects during MRI exposure were not hazardous for patients. As some wires revealed higher temperature changes, it is suggested to remove the wire or insert a spacer between the appliances and the oral mucosa. Based on the material, ceramic and plastic brackets caused no relevant artifact and were MRI-safe. Stainless steel brackets and wires resulted in susceptibility artifacts in the orofacial region and could cause distortion in the frontal lobe, orbits, and pituitary gland. The retainer wires showed no relevant artifact. Conclusions In conclusion, the thermal and debonding effects of the fixed orthodontic brackets and wires were irrelevant or resoluble; however, the size of the artifacts was clinically relevant and determined most significantly the feasibility of fixed brackets and wires in MRI examination.

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“…To date, no studies have evaluated the SBS of molar bands after MRI, but Sfondrini et al [ 9 ] have recently investigated the effects of MRI on orthodontic brackets by measuring the SBS. Values obtained under all conditions tested were clinically acceptable, consequently, this is in agreement with the present report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since clear guidelines are not available, orthodontists are interested in understanding the effects of orthodontic appliances on MRI to minimize the need for their removal [ 7 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T on Temperature and Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bands with Welded Tubes: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2023

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic technique. Patients wearing orthodontic devices are often requested to remove their appliances before an MRI exam, even when the exam involves anatomical areas far from the head, in order to prevent the heating and detachment of the appliances. The present report aims to evaluate changes in temperature and adhesive forces of molar bands after MRI at two different strength outputs. Sixty stainless steel molar bands were bonded on permanent human upper molars using two different cements: Unitek Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Band Cement (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and Transbond Plus Light Cure Band Adhesive (3M Unitek). Appliances were subjected to MRI with two different strengths (1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla). Tubes and band temperature was measured before and after MRI. Subsequently, the shear bond strength (SBS) test was calculated. Data underwent statistical analysis (p < 0.05). After MRI, molar bands exhibited significant heating, even though not clinically relevant, with a temperature increase ranging between 0.48 °C and 1.25 °C (p < 0.05). SBS did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). The present study suggests that, under MRI, the molar bands tested are safe; therefore, their removal could be not recommended for non-head and neck MRI exams. Removal would be necessary just in artifact risk areas.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Effects on Metallic Brackets and Wires: Does It Alter the Temperature and Bonding Efficacy of Orthodontic Devices?

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems

In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems

MRI compatibility of orthodontic brackets and wires: systematic review article

Effect of Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5 T and 3 T on Temperature and Bond Strength of Orthodontic Bands with Welded Tubes: An In Vitro Study

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