Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cross Sectional Anatomy of the Normal Equine Sinuses and Nasal Passages

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to define the magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the rostral part of the equine head. 10 mm-thick, T1-weighted images of two isolated equine cadaver heads were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla magnet and a body coil. MR images were compared to corresponding frozen cross-sections of the cadaver head. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the oral and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and associated structures. Annotated MR images from this study are intended as a reference for clinical MR imaging studies of the equine head.

3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and adjacent anatomical structures in 13 healthy horses

“…The fluid inside the ventral conchal sinus might be exudate stemming from the inflamed mucosa comparable to a case presented in a study by Gerlach et al (2011). Arencibia et al (2000) and Gerlach et al (2009) used MRI to develop an overview over the appearance of anatomical structures in the equine head. Gerlach et al (2009) used three live horses and three cadaver specimen in which the head was disembodied for the imaging process.…”

“…Gerlach et al (2009) used three live horses and three cadaver specimen in which the head was disembodied for the imaging process. Arencibia et al (2000) used two cadaver heads. Junker et al (2002) scanned six cadaver heads to use as a comparison to different pathological cases.…”

“…High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) becomes more readily available in equine veterinary medicine (Arencibia et al 2000, Gerlach and Gerhards 2008, Gerlach et al 2009, Garrett et al 2010, Cavalleri et al 2013. With the technical progress in MRI magnets with field strengths of 3 Tesla become available in equine veterinary medicine (Gutierrez-Crespo et al 2013, Hontoir et al 2013).…”

“…Higher field strengths bring along new possibilities, advantages in image acquisition like higher resolutions, thinner slices or shorter acquisition times in some sequences but also difficulties (Merkle andDale 2006, Chang et al 2008). The region of the equine nasal cavities, the paranasal sinuses and their communication ways have been described in MRI with lower field strengths (Arencibia et al 2000, Gerlach et al 2009). The aim of the present study was to utilize the advantages of 3 Tesla MRI to acquire high quality images of the equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses to describe the normal appearance of anatomical structures in this region in live and healthy horses to present a basis for clinicians in the interpretation of clinical cases.…”

Studies on head and collum of the horse by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with case reports

“…Eine deutlich kontrastreichere und bezüglich molekularer Umbauvorgänge empfindlichere Technik steht mit der Magnetresonanztomographie zur Verfügung, die dem Untersucher eine dem Präparatschnitt ähnliche Darstellung zur Beurteilung vorlegt. Bisherige Veröffentlichungen in diesem Bereich beschäftigen sich mit der normalanatomischen Darstellung des Gehirns neugeborener Fohlen (Chaffin et al 1997), der nasalen Luftwege und Nasennebenhöhlen erwachsener Pferde (Arencibia et al 2000) sowie des equinen Auges und der Orbita (Morgan und Daniel 1993). Zwei neuere Arbeiten berichten über mittels MRT ermittelte Darstellungen pathologischer Läsionen am Pferdekopf im Vergleich zu computertomographischen Ergebnissen (Kraft und Gavin 2001, Tucker und Farrell 2001.…”