3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and adjacent anatomical structures in 13 healthy horses

Kaminsky, Joachim; Bienert‐Zeit, Astrid; Hellige, Maren; Ohnesorge, Bernd

doi:10.21836/pem20140407

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The image quality of MRI in the present study was comparable to that of CT, but was better for bony tissues in CT and for soft tissues in MRI. The present results correspond with the findings of Gerlach et al [ 36 ] and Kaminsky et al [ 10 ], who proved the excellent quality of MRI in portraying the dental pulp, PDL, bone-marrow, gingiva, facial soft tissue, sinus mucosa, infraorbital nerve and vessels, owing to a high water content and hydrogen atoms. There was no detectable MRI signal from hard dental tissues, cortical bone, lamina dura and the IOC, whereas these structures could be visualised with good detail resolution by CT acquisition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Modern imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), offer the benefit of producing three-dimensional (3D) images without superimposition and the possibility of multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs). Both CT and MRI are viable imaging modalities for evaluating the head in human [ 2 – 4 ] and veterinary medicine [ 5 – 10 ]. The well-established CT provides a good spatial resolution and excellent delineation of bony tissue [ 11 ], but is limited due to its inability to visualise pulpar and periodontal tissue with detailed resolution [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues

et al. 2017

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BackgroundModern imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the advantage of producing images without superimposition. Whilst CT is a well-established technique for dental diagnostics, MRI examinations are rarely used for the evaluation of dental diseases in horses. Regarding equine endodontic therapies which are increasingly implemented, MRI could help to portray changes of the periodontal ligament and display gross pulpar anatomy. Knowledge of age-related changes is essential for diagnosis, as cheek teeth and surrounding structures alter with increasing age. The aim of the present study was to highlight the advantages of CT and MRI regarding age-related changes in selected equine cheek teeth and their adjacent structures.ResultsThe CT and MRI appearances of the maxillary 08 s and 09 s and adjacent structures were described by evaluation of post-mortem examinations of nine horses of different ages (Group A: <6 years, B: 6–15 years, C: ≥16 years). Most of the tissues selected were imaged accurately with MRI and CT. Magnetic resonance imaging gives an excellent depiction of soft endo- and periodontal units, and CT of hard dental and bony tissues. Negative correlation between dental age and pulpar sizes was found: 71.3% of the changes in pulp dimensions can be explained by teeth aging. Pulpar sizes ranged from 14.3 to 1.3 mm and were significantly smaller in older horses (p < 0.05). A common pulp chamber was present in 33% of the teeth with a mean dental age of 2.25 years. Ninety-four percent of the 08 and 09 alveoli of all groups were in direct contact with the maxillary sinus. An age-related regression was found (R2 = 0.88) for the distance between alveoli and the infraorbital canal.ConclusionsThe present study provides information about the dental and periodontal age-related morphology and its visibility using different imaging techniques. These results aid in evaluating diagnostic images and in deciding which is the superior imaging modality for clinical cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues

et al. 2017

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“…The authors of the current study agree with other investigations [11, 15, 31] that MRI is an ideal non-invasive technique to display soft tissue structures due to the increased water content of the latter. Consequently, MRI provided good to excellent visibility and differentiation scores for the soft and periodontal dental tissue detail and contrast, such as the pulp, PDL, mucosa of the sinuses, and infra-orbital nerve and vessels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Consequently, MRI provided good to excellent visibility and differentiation scores for the soft and periodontal dental tissue detail and contrast, such as the pulp, PDL, mucosa of the sinuses, and infra-orbital nerve and vessels. A benefit of this ability to depict delicate soft tissues such as the infra-orbital nerve and its content, in clinical cases is that previously undetected pathologies may be visualized [31] even before they become visible with osseous changes in the CT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe use of cadavers for radiology research methodologies involving subjective image quality evaluation of anatomical criteria is well-documented. The purpose of this method comparison study was to evaluate the image quality of dental and adjacent structures in computed tomography (CT) and high-field (3 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cadaveric heads, based on an objective four-point rating scale. Whilst CT is a well-established technique, MR imaging (MRI) is rarely used for equine dental diagnostics. The use of a grading system in this study allowed an objective assessment of CT and MRI advantages in portraying equine cheek teeth. As imaging is commonly performed with cadaveric or frozen and thawed heads for dental research investigations, the second objective was to quantify the impact of the specimens’ conditions (in vivo, post-mortem, frozen-thawed) on the image quality in CT and MRI.ResultsThe CT and MR images of nine horses, focused on the maxillary premolar 08s and molar 09s, were acquired post-mortem (Group A). Three observers scored the dental and adjacent tissues. Results showed that MR sequences gave an excellent depiction of endo- and periodontal structures, whereas CT produced high-quality images of the hard tooth and bony tissues. Additional CT and MRI was performed in vivo (Group B) and frozen-thawed (Group C) in three of these nine horses to specify the condition of the best specimens for further research. Assessing the impact of the specimens’ conditions on image quality, specific soft tissues of the maxillary 08s and 09s including adjacent structures (pulps, mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, periodontal ligament, soft tissue inside the infraorbital canal) were graded in group B and C and analysed for significant differences within CT and MR modalities in comparison to group A. Results showed that MRI scores in vivo were superior to the post-mortem and frozen-thawed condition.ConclusionsOn comparing the imaging performance of CT and MRI, both techniques show a huge potential for application in equine dentistry. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical suitability of MRI. For further research investigations it must be considered, that the best MR image quality is provided in live horses.

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“…According to the histological appearance of the respiratory mucosa, former literature describes a reduction of mucosal thickness between the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses in horses based on histological and radiologic assessments [3,23,35,38]. The mucosal lining of healthy equine paranasal sinuses, for instance, was invisible in computed tomography images, due to its reduced thickness [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences

Schwieder

Pfarrer²,

Ohnesorge

et al. 2020

Acta Vet Scand

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Background: Horses may acquire a range of paranasal sinus diseases. Clinical studies show slight differences regarding anatomical regions and age. Histopathological examination of tissue samples could play an important role in the diagnostic process. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and the nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) is essential. The objective of this study was to determine topographic and age-related differences within the healthy equine PSM. In addition, we aimed to gain detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the NAM in comparison to the PSM. Results: The PSM had an average height of 75.72 ± 44.48 μm with a two-row pseudostratified columnar epithelium of 13.52 ± 4.78 μm. The parameters mucosal height, epithelial height and number of goblet cells revealed significant dependency of the sample site and age group. The maxillary and dorsal conchal sinus showed the highest values for these parameters. In terms of age, younger horses showed a significantly higher total mucosal height in contrast to a significantly lower epithelial height than older horses. Positive correlation was seen between the epithelial height and number of goblet cells. The NAM had an average height of 820.27 ± 653.21 μm. Its pseudostratified epithelium was usually arranged in three rows and had an average height of 44.9 ± 12.78 μm. The number of goblet cells in the NAM was five times higher than in the PSM. Serous glands were found in only 4% of the PSM samples and 100% of the NAM samples. Conclusions: There are significant histological differences between different paranasal sinus sites and between different groups of age. This may be related to an altered susceptibility for certain pathologies. The striking difference in the histological appearance of the NAM compared to the PSM could be due to an enhanced role in mucociliary clearance. Further studies are necessary to improve the understanding of mucosal function in specific paranasal sinus compartments and mucosal changes generated by different diseases.

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3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and adjacent anatomical structures in 13 healthy horses

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues

Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed

Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences

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