1999
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.22.2284
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography

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Cited by 124 publications
(29 citation statements)
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References 214 publications
(170 reference statements)
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“…CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE has been investigated using many different MR techniques including time-offlight MR angiography (TOF MRA), contrast-enhanced MRA, and black blood fast spin echo (BB FSE) techniques (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Although contrast-enhanced techniques are extremely robust for vessel lumen imaging, the noncontrast approaches are also valuable.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CAROTID ARTERY DISEASE has been investigated using many different MR techniques including time-offlight MR angiography (TOF MRA), contrast-enhanced MRA, and black blood fast spin echo (BB FSE) techniques (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Although contrast-enhanced techniques are extremely robust for vessel lumen imaging, the noncontrast approaches are also valuable.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, one of the well-known limitations of TOF-MRA is that signal saturation and dephasing of the signal could lead to a signal loss from focal areas of complex flow. 60 The stenosis measurement accuracy of TOF is dependent on the wash-in efficiency of unsaturated spins within the imaging section/slab. For large ulcerations, the hemodynamic patterns of blood flow are complicated.…”
Section: Mr Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In due course, it was realised that these apparently errant signals could be exploited to generate diagnostic quality images of blood vessels. For example, phase contrast velocity MRI [175] estimates the phase shift of hydrogen nuclei as they pass through a magnetic field and this phase change is proportional to velocity [176]. Other methods of time-resolved contrast-enhanced functional assessment have since been introduced, for example, time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF MRA) [177] and contrast-enhanced MR-angiography (CEMRA) [178].…”
Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%