Magnetic removal of Entamoeba cysts from water using chitosan oligosaccharide-coated iron oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Amebiasis, a major health problem in developing countries, is the second most common cause of death due to parasitic infection. Amebiasis is usually transmitted by the ingestion of Entamoeba histolytica cysts through oral–fecal route. Herein, we report on the use of chitosan oligosaccharide-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient capture and removal of pathogenic protozoan cysts under the influence of an external magnetic field. These nanoparticles were synthesized through a chemical synthesis process. The synthesized particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and zeta potential analysis. The particles were found to be well dispersed and uniform in size. The capture and removal of pathogenic cysts were demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three-dimensional modeling of various biochemical components of cyst walls, and thereafter, flexible docking studies demonstrate the probable interaction mechanism of nanoparticles with various components of E. histolytica cyst walls. Results of the present study suggest that E. histolytica cysts can be efficiently captured and removed from contaminated aqueous systems through the application of synthesized nanoparticles.

Nanomaterials for removal of waterborne pathogens

“…Chitosan-oligosaccharides coated Fe 3 O 4 bonded with cell wall at specific sites and were removed applying magnetic field. The nanoparticles show less agglomeration and are stable over a wide range of pH (Shukla et al, 2015). Functionalization with amine group reported to increase the effectiveness of pathogen removal by 2e3 times compared to Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 .…”

Adsorptive Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution by Biogenic Iron Permeated Activated Carbon Derived from Sweet Lime Waste

“…The XRD pattern of ACP-500 reveals peaks at 2θ = (24.55, 33.52 , 36.04, 41.23, and 62.77 o ) that were assignable by their indices (220), (311), (400), (422), and (440), respectively. [32][33] All these peaks are in accord with the database in JCPDS file (82-1533), and represent the iron oxides (for example Fe 3 O 4 ). The diffraction peaks at (49.88 and 54.29) corresponding to the (131) and (230) planes, respectively, represent Fe 3 C. Carbides of iron may be classified into two categories on the basis of the location of carbon atoms present either in trigonal-prismatic interstices (Fe 3 C and Fe 5 C 2 ), or octahedral interstices (e.g., Fe 2 C, Fe 2.2 C).…”

Antiparasitic Activity of Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles against Entamoeba Histolytica and Cryptosporidium Parvum Cysts

“…Amaebiasis, a major health problem in developing countries, is the second most common cause of death due to parasitic infection. Amaebiasis is usually transmitted by the ingestion of Entamoeba cysts through oral-fecal route (Shukla et al, 2015). Among the protozoa, Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryptosporidia are the major causes of waterborne diseases (Marshall et al, 1997;Sharma et al, 2003).…”