Magnetic Particles for Advanced Molecular Diagnosis

Abstract

Molecular diagnosis is the field that aims to develop nucleic-acid-based analytical methods for biological markers and gene expression assessments by combining laboratory medicine and molecular genetics. As it gradually becomes a clinical reality, molecular diagnosis could benefit from improvements resulting from thorough studies that could enhance the accuracy of these methods. The application of magnetic particles in molecular diagnosis tools has led to tremendous breakthroughs in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and discrimination in bioassays. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the principles involved in the implementation of magnetic particles for sample preparation and targeted analyte isolation, purification, and extraction. Furthermore, the most recent advancements in the area of cancer and infectious disease diagnosis are presented, with an emphasis on screening and early stage detection.

Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview

“…Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are an important class of nanomaterials due to their unique properties, such as chemical stability, magnetic response, biocompatibility, and low cost [ 16 ]. These advantageous features created interest in the microfluidic production of MNPs to be further used for a wide range of applications in biomedicine-related fields, such as biomedical imaging (e.g., contrast-enhancing agents in magnetic resonance imaging), site-specific drug delivery, bio-sensing, diagnosis, biological sample labeling, and sorting [ 11 , 84 , 119 , 122 , 123 ]. Cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) are an example of MNPs with different properties depending on the crystal structure [ 119 ].…”

In-Silico Conceptualisation of Continuous Millifluidic Separators for Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…The resulting temperature increase of the solution passing through the separator is approximated by equating Equation (14) with the heat transferred to the solution:…”

“…Due to the short range of magnetic field strengths decaying with 1/distance, magnetophoresis is commonly used with milli-and microscale fluid flow [8,9]. Flow chemistry examples using ferri-or ferromagnetic particles (MPs) and nanoparticles (MNPs, ≤ 500 nm) include droplet sorting [10,11], MP shape separation [12], biosensing [13,14], mixing (using diamagnetic particles) [15,16], and most prominently, cell Materials 2021, 14, 6635 2 of 15 or pathogen separation and sorting [17][18][19][20][21]. For MPs (and MNPs) to be moved by magnetophoresis, inhomogeneous magnetic fields are required.…”

Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic and sensing: From transport to detection

“…Manipulation of MNPs on‐chip can be controlled by applying a magnetic field gradient. The microfabricated magnetic sensor makes them well suited for the on‐chip biosensing system for the detection of nucleic acid and protein markers because of low cost and small size [73]. The identification of these biomarkers involves a detecting innovation as well as pretreatment steps of the sample that are required to investigate and examine, therefore, appropriate for so‐called LOC or μTAS [3].…”