Magnetic Metallopolymer Nanocomposites: Preparation and Properties

Abstract

IntroductionThe various physical and mechanical parameters of metallopolymeric nanocomposites can be considerably improved with retention or sometimes even with the increase in the conventional magnetic characteristics (saturation magnetization, coercive force, etc.) that show considerable promise for various applications. Such substances are very perspective as high-density information media, materials for permanent magnets, magnetic cooling systems, or fabrication of magnetic sensors. They can also be used for medical and biological applications, e.g., for magnetic resonance tomography, magnetic targeted drug delivery systems, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement, color imaging, and cell sorting [1,2].Ferromagnetic metal particles can be formed in a polymer matrix (ferroplastics or ferroelastics) by practically all methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles in polymers. The manufacturing method can be subdivided into three large groups: physical, chemical, and physicochemical. The division is very conventional and is based mostly on the method of nanoparticle formation and the character of their interactions with the matrix. The first group of methods includes the procedures seemingly devoid of any chemical interactions between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. Composites of this type are rare. More popular chemical methods of manufacturing nanocomposites are based on interactions between components anticipated or detected. The reduction reactions and precursors are well known. Nevertheless, the new approaches have been elaborated from practical demands and many details of the chemical reduction are still unclear. The third group of methods are those when metal or their oxide nanoparticles are formed using high-energy processes of atomic metal evaporation, including low-temperature discharge plasma, radiolysis, and photolysis in the presence of monomer and polymer. Recently, such methods have become widely used in vacuum metallization Magnetic Nanoparticles. Sergey P. Gubin

Polymer-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Protein Immobilization

“…Such nanostructures are usually composed of a magnetic core and the surrounding shell. The core is mostly iron oxides, which can be in the form of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), and FeO [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. However, of the mentioned iron oxides, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is most often used as the core for MNPs preparation [ 7 ].…”

“…The biomedical applications of magnetite nanoparticles are primarily cancer diagnostics and therapies (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hyperthermia, Magnetic Field-Assisted Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy), biocatalysis, pharmaceutical analysis, tissue engineering, biosensor, and the immobilization of biomolecules such as proteins [ 3 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. However, pure, uncoated magnetite nanoparticles have some limitations in use by reason of the ability to spontaneously form aggregates (a result of the system’s desire to reduce surface energy, both under the influence of the magnetic field and the biological environment) [ 16 ].…”

Hybrid Polymer-Immobilized Nanosized Pd Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reaction Obtained via Frontal Polymerization

“…One of the promising methods to obtain metal polymers is a polymer-mediated synthesis based on in situ poly-and copolymerization of metal-containing monomers with subsequent controlled thermolysis of the resulting products. is approach allows one to combine the formation of metal nanoparticles and stabilizing polymer shells in one stage [17,18]. e aim of this paper is to demonstrate a new approach to the design of catalysts by the frontal polymerization of acrylamide Pd(II) nitrate complex on inorganic supports and to characterize the features of their catalytic properties in reactions of hydrogenation of various unsaturated compounds (cyclohexene, ole�nic and acetylenic alcohols and selective reduction of di-and trinitrotoluene).…”