Magnetic Mesoporous Carbon/β-Cyclodextrin–Chitosan Nanocomposite for Extraction and Preconcentration of Multi-Class Emerging Contaminant Residues in Environmental Samples

Abstract

This study reports the development of magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of ten trace amounts of emerging contaminants (fluoroquinolone antibiotics, parabens, anticonvulsants and β-blockers) in water systems. Magnetic mesoporous carbon/β-cyclodextrin–chitosan (MMPC/Cyc-Chit) was used as an adsorbent in dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE). The magnetic solid-phase extraction method was optimized using central composite design. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 ng L−1, 0.5 to 1.1 ng L−1 and 0.2 to 0.8 ng L−1 for anticonvulsants and β-blockers, fluoroquinolone and parabens, respectively. Relatively good dynamic linear ranges were obtained for all the investigated analytes. The repeatability (n = 7) and reproducibility (n = 5) were less than 5%, while the enrichment factors ranged between 90 and 150. The feasibility of the method in real samples was assessed by analysis of river water, tap water and wastewater samples. The recoveries for the investigated analytes in the real samples ranged from 93.5 to 98.8%, with %RSDs under 4%.

Trace Detection and Quantitation of Antibiotics in a South African Stream Receiving Wastewater Effluents and Municipal Dumpsite Leachates

“…The general observation from these reviews is that the number and classes of pharmaceuticals targeted in each study remains limited. In South African alone, the number of antibiotics monitored recently in various studies is low, with 13 antibiotics monitored in Durban water bodies (Faleye et al, 2019), 4 in the surface waters of the Eastern Cape Province (Vumazonke et al, 2020) and 3 in water samples from the Gauteng Province (Mashile et al, 2021).…”

Activated carbon derived from waste orange and lemon peels for the adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater

“…Amidst these techniques, adsorption has great decontamination potential due to its tunability, versatility, and a wide variety of available sorbents ( Dimpe and Nomngongo, 2017 ; Mashile et al., 2021 ). The efficiency of the adsorption technique is strongly reliant on the characteristics of the analyte, type of the adsorbent, and wastewater matrix composition ( Mashile et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Amidst these techniques, adsorption has great decontamination potential due to its tunability, versatility, and a wide variety of available sorbents ( Dimpe and Nomngongo, 2017 ; Mashile et al., 2021 ). The efficiency of the adsorption technique is strongly reliant on the characteristics of the analyte, type of the adsorbent, and wastewater matrix composition ( Mashile et al., 2021 ). Recent research has focused on finding cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents for the removal of dyes as well as optimizing the adsorption process ( Ngah et al., 2011 ; Olivera et al., 2016 ; Singh et al., 2018 ; Tan et al., 2012 ; Wong et al., 2018 ; Yagub et al., 2014 ).…”

Covalent Organic Framework/Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Nanofiber for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Quinolones in Food Samples

“…In recent years, some sample pretreatment techniques, such as conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) [ 17 , 18 ], solid-phase adsorption-based extraction techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [ 22 , 23 ], stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [ 24 ], dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) [ 25 , 26 ], and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) [ 11 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], have been successfully applied to purification and separation of QAs from the complex samples. Numerous types of adsorbents, such as molecularly imprinted polymers, carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been utilized as the adsorbing materials for the extraction of QAs [ 30 ].…”