Magnetic Materials

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Forms of Magnetism in Matter 2.1. Diamagnetism 2.2. Paramagnetism 2.3. Ferromagnetism 2.4. Ferrimagnetism and Antiferromagnetism 3. Magnetic Quantities and Their Measurement 3.1. General 3.2. Parameters of Hard Magnetic Materials 3.3. Parameters of Soft Magnetic Materials 4. Hard Magnetic Materials 4.1. Classical Hard Magnetic Materials 4.1.1. Aluminum ‐ Nickel ‐ Cobalt Materials 4.1.2. Chromium ‐ Iron ‐ Cobalt Materials 4.1.3. Other Metallic Hard Magnetic Materials 4.1.4. Hard Ferrites 4.2. Modern Hard Magnetic Materials 4.2.1. Rare Earth Metal ‐ Cobalt Magnets 4.2.2. Rare Earth Metal ‐ Iron ‐ Boron Magnets 5. Soft Magnetic Materials 5.1. Classical Soft Magnetic Materials 5.1.1. Iron ‐ Silicon Materials 5.1.1.1. Non‐Oriented Electric Sheet 5.1.1.2. Grain‐Oriented Electric Sheet 5.1.2. Nickel ‐ Iron Materials 5.1.2.1. High‐Nickel Alloys 5.1.2.2. Medium‐Nickel Alloys 5.1.2.3. Low‐Nickel Alloys 5.1.3. Iron ‐ Cobalt Alloys 5.1.4. Soft Ferrites 5.1.5. Special Soft Magnetic Materials 5.2. Modern Soft Magnetic Materials 5.2.1. Powder Composite Materials 5.2.2. Rapidly Quenched Materials 5.2.2.1. Amorphous Magnetic Materials 5.2.2.2. Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials 6. Applications 6.1. Applications of Hard Magnetic Materials 6.2. Applications of Soft Magnetic Materials

Glass-Forming Ability and Magnetic Properties of Al82Fe16Ce2 and Al82Fe14Mn2Ce2 Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying

“…Such enhancements also aid in the consolidation of amorphous powder, facilitating the formation of bulk materials. [53,54]. Table 2 summarizes the properties obtained from the M-H curves (saturation magnetization-M s and coercive force-H c ).…”

“…Consequently, the Al82Fe16Ce2 alloy exhibits a GFA similar to that of the Al82Fe14Mn2Ce2 alloy. The substitution of Mn for Fe in Al-Fe-Ce alloy results in an unenhanced [53,54]. Table 2 summarizes the properties obtained from the M-H curves (saturation magnetization-Ms and coercive force-Hc).…”

“…Materials within the 1000-10,000 A/m range (approximately 12.57-125.7 Oe) are classified as 'semi-hard', and those exceeding 10,000 A/m (more than 125.7 Oe) are categorized as 'hard'. Based on this classification, all these alloys are categorized as hard magnetic materials [53][54][55][56][57].…”

“…Figure6a,b presents the magnetization curves (M-H) for Al82Fe16Ce2 and Al82Fe14Mn2Ce2 alloys after milling. All the synthesized alloys show similar hysteresis loops, indicating their ferromagnetic nature[53,54]. Table2summarizes the properties obtained from the M-H curves (saturation magnetization-Ms and coercive force-Hc).…”