Magnetic imaging by ‘‘force microscopy’’ with 1000 Å resolution

Martin, Yves; Wickramasinghe, H. K.

doi:10.1063/1.97800

Cited by 1,121 publications

(480 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the MFM mode, the cantilever is mechanically driven by a piezoelectric transducer near its resonant frequency f 0 and kept at a constant height Dh above the surface. When the tip is placed in proximity to a sample, the cantilever's resonant motion is altered in ways that can be traced directly to the force gradient qF z /qz, which in turn produces changes in the amplitude DA, phase Df and frequency Df of the cantilever resonance 26,29 :…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room-temperature electronically-controlled ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface

et al. 2014

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Reports of emergent conductivity, superconductivity and magnetism have helped to fuel intense interest in the rich physics and technological potential of complex-oxide interfaces. Here we employ magnetic force microscopy to search for room-temperature magnetism in the well-studied LaAlO 3 /SrTiO 3 system. Using electrical top gating to control the electron density at the oxide interface, we directly observe the emergence of an in-plane ferromagnetic phase as electrons are depleted from the interface. Itinerant electrons that are reintroduced into the interface align antiferromagnetically with the magnetization at first screening and then destabilizing it as the conductive regime is approached. Repeated cycling of the gate voltage results in new, uncorrelated magnetic patterns. This newfound control over emergent magnetism at the interface between two non-magnetic oxides portends a number of important technological applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article we investigate magnetism at the LAO/STO interface using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) 26 . By using top-gated LAO/STO heterostructures we are able to search for magnetism as a function of mobile interfacial carrier density.…”

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confidence: 99%

Room-temperature electronically-controlled ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface

et al. 2014

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“…This stimulated the measurement of magnetic [7][8][9][10] and electrostatic forces [11][12][13] and led to the development of magnetic force, electric force, and Kelvin probe microscopy [14]. The goal was not so much to understand the force but to image the distribution of magnetization, charge, or surface potential, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Butt

Cappella

Kappl

2005

Surface Science Reports

3,198

2,949

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“…The results obtained are often dependant on the volume of the sampled region, and thus in many cases the volume fraction of each phase measured will differ between techniques. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM) [12] which uses a magnetic probe tip to map in 2D the distribution of the magnetic domains present at the surface of a specimen [13,14]. As ferrite is ferromagnetic, and austenite and sigma phase are paramagnetic [15,16], it is possible to use this magnetic interaction to differentiate between the phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of sigma-phase evolution in thermally aged 2205 duplex stainless steel

et al. 2015

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In this study, the evolution of sigma-phase development in a 2205 duplex steel was studied following thermal ageing in the temperature range 750-850°C for periods up to 100 h. A suite of materials analysis techniques including combined electron backscatter diffraction-energy-dispersive X-ray imaging and magnetic force microscopy are used to quantify the change in volume fraction of the phases. The experimental results for each ageing condition are compared with the results from other ageing experiments and the predictions from the computer modelling. They show good correlation for the amount of sigma phase formed under a range of ageing conditions (and thus varying quantities of sigma phase). EBSD measurements showed no preferential orientation relationships relative to the parent ferrite for the nucleation of sigma phase, implying that the minimisation of boundary misorientation energy is not significant in determining sigma-phase nucleation sites. The results are discussed with respect to the experimentally measured properties of sigma phase and the kinetics of the precipitation process.

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Magnetic imaging by ‘‘force microscopy’’ with 1000 Å resolution

Cited by 1,121 publications

References 7 publications

Room-temperature electronically-controlled ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface

Room-temperature electronically-controlled ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface

Force measurements with the atomic force microscope: Technique, interpretation and applications

Quantification of sigma-phase evolution in thermally aged 2205 duplex stainless steel

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