Magnetic fluid hyperthermia: Advances, challenges, and opportunity

Abstract

Though the concepts of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) were originally proposed over 50 years ago, the technique has yet to be successfully translated into routine clinical application. Significant challenges must be addressed if the field is to progress and realise its potential as an option for treatment of diseases such as cancer. These challenges include determining the optimum fields and frequencies that maximise the effectiveness of MFH without significant detrimental off-target effects on healthy tissue, achieving sufficient concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within the target tumour, and developing a better mechanistic understanding of MNP-mediated energy deposition and its effects on cells and tissue. On the other hand, emerging experimental evidence indicates that local thermal effects indeed occur in the vicinity of energy-dissipating MNPs. These findings point to the opportunity of engineering MNPs for the selective destruction of cells and/or intracellular structures without the need for a macroscopic tissue temperature rise, in what we here call magnetically mediated energy delivery (MagMED).

Synthesis and comparative studies of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with different natural polymers by sol–gel method: structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, catalytic and biological activities

“…In Fig. 1a the diffraction peaks show the reflection planes (111), (202), (311), (222),(400),(333),(404), (440), (533) and (622) which match well with the standard diffraction values of JCPDS file no 74-2403 [26][27][28][29][30]. All these peaks confirm the cubic spinel lattice of MnFe 2 O 4 .…”

“…Various types of nanoparticles synthesized from inorganic as well as organic materials shows potential applications in cancer therapy [24,25]. The remarkable heating effects of magnetic nanoparticles used as drug delivery structures, provide an opportunity to target tumor cells [26]. The effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment is restricted, because most of the drugs used to treat cancer exhibit toxicity to both tumor and normal cells.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation of Manganese Ferrite (MnFe2O4) Nanoparticles for Their Biocompatibility with Murine Breast Cancer Cells (4T1)

“…Therefore, understanding these nanoparticles and their toxicity is very important. In the past, though few researchers have studied the cytotoxic effects of different magnetic nanoparticles, their studies are restricted to only few magnetic nanoparticles [26,28,29]. Previously, a study by [28] showed that MnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles of size 40nm were efficiently internalized by PC-12 cells, which suggest the possible use of these nanoparticles as an anticancer drug.…”

“…Magnetic nanoparticles used as drug delivery structures appear very beneficial as they show remarkable heating effects and thus provide an opportunity to target tumor cells specifically [26,27]. Most of the drugs used for treating cancer exhibits toxicity to both tumor and normal cells, causing side effects and this restricts the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatments.…”

Magnetoliposomes: opportunities and challenges

“…The method is fundamentally linked to the nanosize of the magnetic particles, which -when exposed to an AMF -dissipate heat through relaxation losses. Typically, the heating potential of magnetic NPs depends on the material itself, its concentration and size (distribution) (15). Energy dissipation occurs either through the physical rotation of the NP in the fluid (Brownian relaxation) or by the rotation of the atomic magnetic moments within the particle itself (Néel relaxation) (16).…”