Magnetic and X-ray diffraction measurements for the determination of retained austenite in TRIP steels

Zhao, L.; Dijk, N.H. van; Brück, E.; Sietsma, Jilt; Zwaag, Sybrand van der

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(01)00965-0

Cited by 218 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…All magnetic samples were measured from -1.5 to 1.5 T, a field high enough to reach the magnetic saturation for ferromagnetic phases in this steel. [12] The weight fraction of a 0 -martensite-the only ferromagnetic phase present in this material-is determined by…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms in Deep-Drawn and Tensile-Strained Austenitic Mn-Based Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel

Tol

Zhao

Schüt

et al. 2012

Metall Mater Trans A

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The effect of strain on the deformation mechanisms in an austenitic Mn-based twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is investigated using magnetic measurements, XRD, positron beam Doppler spectroscopy, and finite element method simulations. The experimental observations reveal the formation of a 0 -martensite at specific degrees of deformation, despite the high stacking fault energy (SFE) of the material (52 mJ/m 2 ). The observed fraction a 0 -martensite is consistent with the estimated fraction of intersected shear bands acting as preferred nucleation sites for a 0 -martensite formation as a function of accumulated equivalent strain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms in Deep-Drawn and Tensile-Strained Austenitic Mn-Based Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel

Tol

Zhao

Schüt

et al. 2012

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…1 shows the resultant microstructure of Al 0.4 and Al 1.8 at room temperature for two bainitic holding temperatures: 623 and 673 K, and a holding time of 2 min. The thermal stability of retained austenite was studied by magnetization measurements using a SQUID magnetometer while cooling the material down to 100 K and heating back to room temperature in the presence of magnetic field of 5 T. The difference in saturation magnetization of the TRIP steel containing the metastable austenite and the as-received ferritic steel is directly related to the volume fraction of the non-magnetic austenite [6]. The magnetization results are compared with those of our earlier in-situ high-energy (E = 80 keV) X-ray diffraction measurements performed in transmission geometry at the beam line ID11 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (Grenoble, France) [5,7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve this goal, we have varied the heat treatment parameters systematically in two aluminum-based TRIP steel grades. We have subsequently studied the thermal stability of the retained austenite by using two in-situ bulk techniques: magnetization measurements using a SQUID magnetometer [6] and high-energy X-ray diffraction at a synchrotron source [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Control of the Austenite Stability in Low-Alloyed TRIP Steels

Blondé

Jimenez-Melero

Dijk

et al. 2011

SSP

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Abstract.We have performed in-situ magnetization and high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements on two aluminum-based TRIP steels from room temperature down to 100 K in order to evaluate amount and stability of the retained austenite for different heat treatment conditions. We have found that the bainitic holding temperature affects the initial fraction of retained austenite at room temperature but does not to influence significantly the rate of transformation upon cooling.

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“…Only the magnetic measurements are applicable to bulk specimens without prior preparation. Moreover, none of the methods is used at elevated temperatures, direct evidence on the microstructure evolution during the processing is hence lacking so far [14,15]. In the present work the in situ characterization of heat treatment processes by diffraction experiments with high--energy synchrotron radiation is discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Magnetic methods distinguish the nonmagnetic austenitic volume fractions from the remaining magnetic constituents, i.e. polygonal and ferritic ferrite and martensite [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Heat Treatment Processes by High Energy Synchrotron Radiation

et al. 2012

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Advanced engineering materials are frequently based on multiphase microstructures, where the decisive step is the heat treatment adjusting the desired microstructure. A typical example are transformation-induced plasticity assisted steels, where the steel grades depend on the phase composition and the deformation-induced transformation of retained austenite into martensite. Usually methods for microstructural characterization are only applied after completion of the heat treatment process and comprise typically microscopy and X-ray analysis with laboratory tubes. Both methods can suffer from artefacts and probe a relatively small surface or volume, respectively. However, in the last decade synchrotron facilities have become available that offer very hard X-rays, which open up new possibilities for the observation of heat treatment processes owing to the unique combination of extremely high intensities with large penetration depths (mm scale). Sophisticated sample environments allow for complex in situ experiments, currently with a time resolution on the order of seconds. Only recently a commercial dilatometer of type Bähr Dil805AD has become available at the HARWI-2 beamline at the HASYLAB. This experimental setup was used for the in situ investigation of the quenching and partitioning process in transformation-induced plasticity steels. The experiments were performed in transmission at a wavelength of 0.0124 nm. The Debye-Scherrer rings were observed arising from statistical grain distributions characteristic for each microstructure. The time-resolved measurements allow conclusions about the phases present in the sample, their lattice parameters, texture and grain size.

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Magnetic and X-ray diffraction measurements for the determination of retained austenite in TRIP steels

Cited by 218 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms in Deep-Drawn and Tensile-Strained Austenitic Mn-Based Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel

Investigation of Deformation Mechanisms in Deep-Drawn and Tensile-Strained Austenitic Mn-Based Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel

Microstructural Control of the Austenite Stability in Low-Alloyed TRIP Steels

Monitoring of Heat Treatment Processes by High Energy Synchrotron Radiation

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