Magnetic and SEM-EDS analyses of Tilia cordata leaves and PM10 filters as a complementary source of information on polluted air: Results from the city of Parma (Northern Italy)

Mantovani, Luciana; Tribaudino, Mario; Solzi, M.; Barraco, Vera; Munari, Eriberto De; Pironi, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.055

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Inner park location 3 shows a particle density comparable with the roadside locations. The observed particle densities are similar to those previously reported for PM deposition on Tilia cordata leaves, along a 5months sampling campaign performed in Parma (Mantovani et al, 2018), while they are large if compared with those obtained by using Platanus acerifolia as sampling species (Baldacchini et al 2017). In this latter case, values 9 as high as 10 5 particles/mm 2 were observed only in critically polluted and dry cities (i.e., Yerevan), while in Naples the leaf particle density was about 2-3 x 10 4 particles/mm 2 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

An ultra-spatially resolved method to quali-quantitative monitor particulate matter in urban environment

Baldacchini

Sgrigna

Clarke

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Monitoring the amount and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) in the urban environment is a crucial aspect to guarantee citizen health. To focus the action of stakeholders in limiting air pollution, fast and highly spatially resolved methods for monitoring PM are required. Recently, the trees' capability in capturing PM inspired the development of several methods intended to use trees as biomonitors; this results in the potential of having an ultra-spatially resolved network of low-cost PM monitoring stations throughout cities, without the needing of on-site stations. Within this context, we propose a fast and reliable method to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the PM present in urban air based on the analysis of tree leaves by scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). We have tested our method in the Real Bosco di Capodimonte urban park (Naples, Italy), by collecting leaves from Quercus ilex trees along transects parallel to the main wind directions. The coarse (PM10-2.5) and fine (PM2.5) amounts obtained per unit leaf area have been validated by weighting the PM washed from leaves belonging to the same sample sets. PM size distribution and elemental composition match appropriately with the known pollution sources in the sample sites (i.e., traffic and marine aerosol). The proposed methodology will then allow to use the urban forest as an ultra-spatially resolved PM monitoring network, also supporting the work of urban green planners and stakeholders.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

An ultra-spatially resolved method to quali-quantitative monitor particulate matter in urban environment

Baldacchini

Sgrigna

Clarke

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The dominance of magnetite-like minerals on the magnetic fraction seems to be the hallmark of urban PM emissions [66][67][68][69]. Indeed, this was reported in numerous cities (e.g., Mitchell and Maher [27] in Lancaster, UK, Muxworthy et al [26] in Munich, Germany, Mantovani et al [33] in Parma, Italy, Saragnese et al [30] in Torino, Italy, Jordanova et al [32] in Bulgaria, Castañeda-Miranda et al [25] in Quéretaro, Mexico, Chaparro et al [70] in Mar del Plata, Argentina and Shu et al [37] in Shanghai, China). When reported, S-ratios are generally close to 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Mitchell and Maher [27] reported a strong correlation between SIRM (normalized by filter area) of PM10 filters and its PM10 concentrations (R = 0.88). Mantovani et al [33] obtained correlations with R = 0.34 between the area normalized SIRM for the PM10 filters and concentration of PM10 from a nearby weather station and R = 0.50 between the area normalized SIRM in PM10 filters in comparison to PM2.5 concentration from the same nearby weather station. The time series of the concentration parameters (EC and PM2.5) presented in this work displays some similar trends to the time series of the magnetic parameters in air (SIRM V and ARM V ), although the magnetic parameters have a greater variability, with periods where they do not follow the concentration parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic susceptibility, which relates to iron oxides concentration, may have a linear relationship with PM concentration [24,25]. Several studies conducted in European cities established that the magnetic fraction present in urban PM is mostly composed of ferrimagnetic soft coercive magnetite-like grains [24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. These iron oxides present in PM have natural and anthropogenic origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PM2.5 Magnetic Properties in Relation to Urban Combustion Sources in Southern West Africa

et al. 2021

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The physico-chemical characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in African cities remain poorly known due to scarcity of observation networks. Magnetic parameters of PM are robust proxies for the emissions of Fe-bearing particles. This study reports the first magnetic investigation of PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic size below 2.5 m) in Africa performed on weekly PM2.5 filters collected in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) and Cotonou (Benin) between 2015 and 2017. The magnetic mineralogy is dominated by magnetite-like low coercivity minerals. Mass normalized SIRM are 1.65e−2A□m/kg and 2.28e−2A□m/kg for Abidjan and Cotonou respectively. Hard coercivity material (S-ratio = 0.96 and MDF = 33 mT) is observed during the dry dusty season. Wood burning emits less iron oxides by PM2.5 mass when compared to traffic sources. PM2.5 magnetic granulometry has a narrow range regardless of the site or season. The excellent correlation between the site-averaged element carbon concentrations and SIRM suggests that PM2.5 magnetic parameters are linked to primary particulate emission from combustion sources.

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“…Magnetometry (magnetic techniques or methods), which is widely used for rock-magnetic studies, is an inexpensive, fast, and precise technique for assessing and monitoring pollution in different environmental systems (Kapper et al 2020 ), including soil (e.g., Xia et al 2014 ; Szuszkiewicz et al 2015 ; Rachwał et al 2017 ; Wang et al 2018a , b ; Magiera et al 2021 , 2023 ); sediments of streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries (e.g., Prajith et al 2015 ; Zhang et al 2018 ; Wang et al 2018a , b ; Harikrishnan et al 2018 ; Szczepaniak-Wnuk et al 2020 ); and air (e.g., Saragnese et al 2011 ; Petrovský et al 2020 ). Magnetic methods have been used to estimate atmospheric air pollution levels by applying them to airborne particles collected on filters (e.g., Muxworthy et al 2002 , 2003 ; Sagnotti et al 2006 ; Górka-Kostrubiec et al 2012 ; Mantovani et al 2018 ), dust captured on vegetation (e.g., Hofman et al 2017 ; Mantovani et al 2018 ; Winkler et al 2020 ), and the dust settled on the surface of roads, soil, and snow-covered road sites (e.g., Bućko et al 2011 ; Gonet and Maher 2019 ; Gonet et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring magnetic susceptibility of particulate matter collected on filters

Górka-Kostrubiec,

Werner,

Karasiński

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The magnetic susceptibility (κ) of particulate matter (PM) is a useful tool in estimation concentration of iron-rich particles and provides useful information on the emission sources and pathways of spread of PM in the atmosphere. However, there is currently no established protocol for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of PM collected on filters used in standard monitoring of PM concentration. This paper presents a step-by-step process for collecting PM on filters in automatic samplers and measuring their κ. The procedure outlines requirements for data quality, measurement uncertainty, exposure time and conditions, and the amount of material collected on the filters. The study analyzed a 2-year dataset of magnetic susceptibility measurements by MFK-1 kappabridge (Agico, Czech Republic) for PM10 and PM2.5 collected at two locations, Warsaw and Cracow, in Poland using low-volume PM samplers. By strictly following the procedure for conditioning filters, measuring magnetic susceptibility and mass of PM, the study found that it is possible to obtain repeatable data with good measurement accuracy and acceptable errors. This makes magnetic susceptibility an additional reliable parameter for tracking of emission sources of iron-rich particles. Successful implementation of this magnetic method as a standard procedure for monitoring PM in addition to the PM mass collected on filters could be used to analyze sources of emission of Fe-particles and their contribution to the PM mass, especially in urban and industrial environments.

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Magnetic and SEM-EDS analyses of Tilia cordata leaves and PM10 filters as a complementary source of information on polluted air: Results from the city of Parma (Northern Italy)

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

An ultra-spatially resolved method to quali-quantitative monitor particulate matter in urban environment

An ultra-spatially resolved method to quali-quantitative monitor particulate matter in urban environment

PM2.5 Magnetic Properties in Relation to Urban Combustion Sources in Southern West Africa

Measuring magnetic susceptibility of particulate matter collected on filters

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