Magnesium Zinc Oxide Nanostructure-Modified Multifunctional Sensors for Full-Scale Dynamic Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation

Abstract

We demonstrate magnesium zinc oxide nanostructure (MZOnano) modified multifunctional devices for the full-scale dynamic monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilm formation: the dual-gate thin film transistor (DGTFT) as an electrical sensor for early stage detection and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as an acoustic sensor for long-term monitoring. The sensing surfaces of both devices were modified with MZOnano to enhance their sensitivity and biocompatibility. P. aeruginosa bacteria were cultured in vitro on both sensing surfaces. The early stage detection is realized by sensing the charge transfer from cell membrane to the MZOnano during bacterial adhesion using the DGTFT biosensor while the monitoring of the long-term evolution is achieved through the sensing of mass loading and viscoelastic transition during biofilm development using the MZOnano QCM. The drain current of DGTFT starts to change at the beginning of the test and levels off after ∼6.5 h of bacterial inoculation, whereas the signals of MZOnano QCM become detectable after ∼5 h and then lasts for 24 h. The full-scale process of biofilm development covering from bacterial adhesion to maturation is thus dynamically monitored using this MZOnano modified multifunctional sensing technology.

Microbial Electrochemical Systems: Principles, Construction and Biosensing Applications

“…Bioelectrochemical analysis of the biofilm formation at different electrode modifiers was conducted to understand the influence of the electrode materials on the biofilm progression [ 11 , 74 ]. In addition to morphological characterization using microscopic techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV) is another technique that can be used for monitoring the online formation of biofilms and their electrochemical activity [ 75 , 76 ]. Several redox peaks were observed over different incubation times with the bacterial culture, indicating a direct electron transfer from the outer-redox layer of the bacteria to the electrode surface.…”

Bioactive Coatings Based on Hydroxyapatite, Kanamycin, and Growth Factor for Biofilm Modulation

“…These properties recommend considering the proposed composites as efficient biomedical materials to be used in various applications, such as hard tissue engineering, bone and Nanostructured coatings present numerous advantages as compared to classical antibiofilm approaches. The most important traits refer to the fact that nanomodified surfaces could offer a prolonged and controlled release of the antimicrobial agent [125], are able to inhibit initial microbial colonization [126] but also biofilm maturation, and offer a long-lasting effect [127].…”