Microbial Electrochemical Systems: Principles, Construction and Biosensing Applications

Abstract

Microbial electrochemical systems are a fast emerging technology that use microorganisms to harvest the chemical energy from bioorganic materials to produce electrical power. Due to their flexibility and the wide variety of materials that can be used as a source, these devices show promise for applications in many fields including energy, environment and sensing. Microbial electrochemical systems rely on the integration of microbial cells, bioelectrochemistry, material science and electrochemical technologies to achieve effective conversion of the chemical energy stored in organic materials into electrical power. Therefore, the interaction between microorganisms and electrodes and their operation at physiological important potentials are critical for their development. This article provides an overview of the principles and applications of microbial electrochemical systems, their development status and potential for implementation in the biosensing field. It also provides a discussion of the recent developments in the selection of electrode materials to improve electron transfer using nanomaterials along with challenges for achieving practical implementation, and examples of applications in the biosensing field.

Microbial Sensing and Removal of Heavy Metals: Bioelectrochemical Detection and Removal of Chromium(VI) and Cadmium(II)

“…Thus, the resulting bioelectrochemical responses reflect the extent of anodic respiration, intracellular redox reactions (e.g., intracellular enzyme activities) and/or other biological interactions [ 46 , 47 ]. Since the bioelectrochemical responses can be linked to microbial processes, the design of high-performance MESs has gained increasing attention due to their many promising applications in the environment, energy and biomedical fields [ 48 ]. Formation of biofilms at the sensor’s surface has been used for determining the microbial responses to the toxic effects of the utilized heavy metals.…”

“…Biosensors and microbial electrochemical systems are currently exploited for heavy metal determination such as mercury, silver, copper, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel [ 48 , 53 ]. From the microbiologically point of view, the existence of heavy metal pollutants in the medium can affect the electrochemically active microbes’ metabolic activity, leading to decreased transfer of electrons and weak present manufacturing.…”

Bio-electrochemical frameworks governing microbial fuel cell performance: technical bottlenecks and proposed solutions

“…This has been explained by a mediator-less bioelectrochemical approach for studying the intracellular level of Candida albicans. 30,31 Lately, several studies started screening various algal species for their exoelectrogenic activity and the probability of direct electron transfer. One of the most interesting ndings was that aer achieving suitable growth conditions with the absence of light and inorganic nutrients which resulted in a signicant decrease in the photosynthetic oxygen production, the blue-green alga Oscillatoria agardhii was able to transfer electrons directly without adding articial redox mediators.…”

Recent Progress of Electric Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Thin Film

“…曹等 [45] 利用层层自组装法得到了高质 量的 Cu-HITP 纳米薄膜, 并将其作为有效的中间层来调 节 Ag/n-Si 二极管传感器的肖特基势垒高度. 如图 9(f), 9(g), 9(h)所示, 者们的广泛关注 [83][84] . EC-MOFs 这一新型的纳米多孔导 电材料因其独特的结构和性质(如超高的比表面积、大 量活性位点、优良的导电性)为电化学生物传感提供了 有效平台 [85][86] .…”