Magnesium replacement by polyamines in higher plant cell-free polyphenylalanine synthesis

Cohen, Abe S.; Zalik, Saul

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89690-9

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The recent literature regarding the biological significance of polyamines has been primarily restricted to effects on regulation of nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis (6,11,13). In this paper, we provide further evidence that spermine interacts directly with the internal membranes of the chloroplasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The role of polyamines in plant cell metabolism is not fully understood, although their significance in biochemical processes such as protein synthesis (6,11,13) and RNA degradation (19) has been recognized. Polyamines have been shown to inhibit senescence in oat leaf protoplasts (1) and in whole leaves of a number ofplant species (18), and to stabilize bacterial spheroplasts against lysis (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spermine treatment also prevented the appearance of several additional chlorophyll proteins found in the controls during senescence. The results have been interpreted on the basis of the interaction of spermine with thylakoid membranes resulting in stabilization of membrane function during senescence.The role of polyamines in plant cell metabolism is not fully understood, although their significance in biochemical processes such as protein synthesis (6,11,13) and RNA degradation (19) has been recognized. Polyamines have been shown to inhibit senescence in oat leaf protoplasts (1) and in whole leaves of a number ofplant species (18), and to stabilize bacterial spheroplasts against lysis (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stabilization of Thylakoid Membranes by Spermine during Stress-induced Senescence of Barley Leaf Discs

Popovic

Kyle²,

Cohen³

et al. 1979

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of spermine on photochemical activity and polypeptide conposition of chloroplasts from barley leaf discs during senescence in the dark was studied. Chloroplast membranes did not show pbotosystem II activity after spermine treatment when water was the electron donor, but in the presence of diphenylcarbazide, this activity was observed. The diphenylcarbazide-stimulated photoreduction of dichloroindophenol was 3-fold greater in leaf discs incubated for 72 hours in spermine than in water.Photosystem I activity was reduced by about 90% within the first 24 hours in the spermine-treated samples. This reduction, however, was not due to a decrease in the photosynthetic unit size. A preferential lss of polypeptides other than those associated with photosystem II was observed during senescence of the leaf discs in water, but this loss was reduced by spermine. Spermine treatment also prevented the appearance of several additional chlorophyll proteins found in the controls during senescence. The results have been interpreted on the basis of the interaction of spermine with thylakoid membranes resulting in stabilization of membrane function during senescence.The role of polyamines in plant cell metabolism is not fully understood, although their significance in biochemical processes such as protein synthesis (6,11,13) and RNA degradation (19) has been recognized. Polyamines have been shown to inhibit senescence in oat leaf protoplasts (1) and in whole leaves of a number ofplant species (18), and to stabilize bacterial spheroplasts against lysis (29). In the preceding study (12) we found that of the polyamines tested spermine was the most effective in reducing Chl destruction and maintaining the thylakoid system within the chloroplasts of barley leaf discs during stress-induced senescence. It was suggested that the cationic polyamines exert their influence through interaction with the negatively charged loci on the membranes. We extended the investigation to examine the photoreductive activities and thylakoid membrane polypeptide composition of barley leaf discs incubated in spermine. The results, in general, provide further evidence that polyamines stabilize the chloroplast membranes, thereby preventing the loss of Chl during senescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Stabilization of Thylakoid Membranes by Spermine during Stress-induced Senescence of Barley Leaf Discs

Popovic

Kyle²,

Cohen³

et al. 1979

Plant Physiol.

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“…In the leaves of these cultivars there were in the present study different levels of total polyamines and spermine (Tab, 1), The resistant leaves had a more than 3-fold higher spermine concentration (P<0,05), Spermine is produced in the nucleus and DNA-containing organelles (Kyriakidis 1982. Galston 1985, and the spermine concentration is correlated with, e,g,, the mitotic activity, Spermine can play a significant role in protein synthesis (Cohen and Zalik 1978) and RNA degradation (Kaur-Sawhney et al, 1978), During its stress-induced senescence, spermine stabilized the thylakoid membranes and reduced chlorophyll degradation (Popovic et al 1979), The higher level of spermine in the unaffected resistant leaves can, in part, account for the resistance to cadmium and to the pathogen (Stroiriski et al 1989). However the levels of spermidine and spermine induced by cadmium stress were similar for both cultivars, and they retained their characteristic difference in interactions with the pathogen (Tab, 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cadmium and Phytophthora infestans on polyamine levels in potato leaves

Stroiński¹,

Szczotka

1989

Physiologia Plantarum

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Changes in putrescine, spermidine and spermine concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves stressed either with cadmium, with the fungal pathogen Phytophthora infestans Mont. (de Bary) or with both simultaneously were investigated. The leaves of two cultivars, Bintje and Bzura, respectively susceptible and resistant to P. infestans were examined. The level of of putrescine did not change under any stress conditions. Cadmium stress caused at least a 2‐fold increase in spermidine and spermine concentrations in susceptible leaves. In resistant leaves there was a 4‐fold increase in spermidine and a decrease in spermine. The pathogenic stress produced similar changes in polyamine concentrations, i. e. with differences between the cultivars. The double stress induced antagonistic alterations in the concentrations of spermidine and spermine.

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“…More recently, polyamines have also been found to be capable of retarding the progressive senescence of protoplasts isolated from oat leaves (1, 17). There are many examples from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes of polyamine involvement in the regulation of macromolecular synthesis (6,10,13,31), and it has been shown that polyamines can replace the Mg2" requirement for protein synthesis in a barley in vitro system (12). The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of polyamines on Chl and protein retention, photochemical activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure of barley leaf discs during senescence.…”

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confidence: 95%

Effects of Polyamines on Chlorophyll and Protein Content, Photochemical Activity, and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Barley Leaf Discs during Senescence

Cohen¹,

Popovic²,

Zalik³

1979

Plant Physiol.

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The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine prevent the loss of chlorophyl normaDly associated with senescence of excised leaf tissue maintained in darkness on water (control). Retention of chlorophyl in barley leaf discs was in the range of 90% 4 days after excision and placement on effective polyamine solutions. In contrast, the loss of soluble protein was hastened with 0.5 miLimolar spermidine and spermine treatments but it was retarded by 0.5 millimolar putrescine.Photosystem I and II activities of chloroplasts from polyamine-treated leaf discs declined more rapidly as compared to the control. Chloroplast ultrastructural changes resulting from the polyamine treatments included the apparent destruction of the envelope, preservation of thylakoid membrane structure, and reduced accumulation of osmiophilic bodies. The influence of polyamines on senescence-related processes may be due to their cationic nature.Natural and artificially induced senescence of leaf tissue have been used to study the effects of a number of metabolites and growth regulators on protein metabolism and on the structure and photochemical properties of chloroplasts (9,16,18,23,26,32,36). In this respect it has been found that kinetin can retard the characteristic loss of protein and pigments during leaf senescence (7,15,22) as well as preserve chloroplast structure (7) and the integrity of the electron transport chain (15). Poovaiah and Leopold (27) have reported that inorganic cations, particularly Ca, can also defer the symptoms of leaf senescence, an effect they attributed to the maintenance of membrane integrity.The stabilization of membrane integrity by Ca and the naturally occurring organic cations, the polyamines, has been shown with osmotically sensitive forms of different bacteria (19,30). More recently, polyamines have also been found to be capable of retarding the progressive senescence of protoplasts isolated from oat leaves (1, 17). There are many examples from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes of polyamine involvement in the regulation of macromolecular synthesis (6, 10, 13, 31), and it has been shown that polyamines can replace the Mg2" requirement for protein synthesis in a barley in vitro system (12). The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of polyamines on Chl and protein retention, photochemical activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure of barley leaf discs during senescence.

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Magnesium replacement by polyamines in higher plant cell-free polyphenylalanine synthesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Stabilization of Thylakoid Membranes by Spermine during Stress-induced Senescence of Barley Leaf Discs

Stabilization of Thylakoid Membranes by Spermine during Stress-induced Senescence of Barley Leaf Discs

Effect of cadmium and Phytophthora infestans on polyamine levels in potato leaves

Effects of Polyamines on Chlorophyll and Protein Content, Photochemical Activity, and Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Barley Leaf Discs during Senescence

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