Magnesium‐containing layered double hydroxides as orthopaedic implant coating materials—An in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

The total hip arthroplasty is one of the most common artificial joint replacement procedures. Several different surface coatings have been shown to improve implant fixation by facilitating bone ingrowth and consequently enhancing the longevity of uncemented orthopaedic hip prostheses. In the present study, two different layered double hydroxides (LDHs), Mg-Fe- and Mg-Al-LDH, were investigated as potential magnesium (Mg)-containing coating materials for orthopaedic applications in comparison to Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). In vitro direct cell compatibility tests were carried out using the murine fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 and the mouse osteosarcoma cell line MG 63. The host response of bone tissue was evaluated in in vivo experiments with nine rabbits. Two cylindrical pellets (3 × 3 mm) were implanted into each femoral condyle of the left hind leg. The samples were analyzed histologically and with μ-computed tomography (μ-CT) 6 weeks after surgery. An in vitro cytotoxicity test determined that more cells grew on the LDH pellets than on the Mg(OH)2-pellets. The pH value and the Mg(2+) content of the cell culture media were increased after incubation of the cells on the degradable samples. The in vivo tests demonstrated the formation of fibrous capsules around Mg(OH)2 and Mg-Fe-LDH. In contrast, the host response of the Mg-Al-LDH samples indicated that this Mg-containing biomaterial is a potential candidate for implant coating.

Biodegradable Metallic Wires in Dental and Orthopedic Applications: A Review

“…In addition to the conventional medical application of Mg(OH) 2 which has been widely used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and a laxative, it also possesses numerous valuable properties including excellent biocompatibility, nontoxic antibacterial activity, and high drug loading ability [29]. In bone regeneration application, as a major degradation product from any magnesium alloys, Mg(OH) 2 can enhance the bone formation and temporarily decrease the bone resorption resulting in a higher bone mass [30,31]. Therefore, it could be a potential protective coating material for Mg-based implants to reduce the corrosion rate and improve bone ingrowth simultaneously [31].…”

“…In bone regeneration application, as a major degradation product from any magnesium alloys, Mg(OH) 2 can enhance the bone formation and temporarily decrease the bone resorption resulting in a higher bone mass [30,31]. Therefore, it could be a potential protective coating material for Mg-based implants to reduce the corrosion rate and improve bone ingrowth simultaneously [31].…”

Quantifying the degradation of degradable implants and bone formation in the femoral condyle using micro‑CT 3D reconstruction

“…Magnesium exposed to a typical atmosphere will develop a gray oxide film of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 ], which slows further corrosion ( 60 , 61 ). Mg(OH) 2 films are slightly soluble in water; however, severe corrosion occurs in aqueous physiological environments where chloride ions are present at levels (on the order of 150 mmol/l), as Mg(OH) 2 reacts with Cl − to form highly soluble magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas ( 62 ).…”

Fe(III)‐Based Layered Double Hydroxides Carrying Model Naproxenate Anions: Compositional and Structural Aspects

“…The intercalation of bioactive organic species into iron‐based LDH has been very little examined so far. Few works concerning the application of Fe‐LDH as biomaterials have been reported, as for instance the studies related to the uses of Mg R Fe LDH as phosphates binds for oral administration, [24] or for enzyme adsorption, [25] and also for bone regeneration [26–28] . The widely used coprecipitation method for the preparation of organic‐inorganic hybrid LDH does not seem as effective for Fe‐LDH as for Al‐LDH.…”