Magnesium and Osteoporosis: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions

Castiglioni, Sara; Cazzaniga, Alessandra; Albisetti, W.; Maier, Jeanette A.M.

doi:10.3390/nu5083022

Cited by 407 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…17 In our study also serum Mg level is significantly lower (p<0.001) in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. Mg level also had a positive correlation with T score in both the groups which explains role of Magnesium in osteoporosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Comparison of bone mineral density and serum minerals in pre and post-menopausal women

Mishra¹,

Manju²,

Toora³

et al. 2015

Int J Clin Trials

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Background: Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones, increasing the risk of sudden and unexpected fractures. Literally meaning “porous bone”, it results in an increased loss of bone mass and strength. The disease often progresses without any symptoms or pain. Though the exact cause is not known it can be prevented. After age 35, bone breakdown outpaces bone build-up, resulting in a gradual loss of bone mass. Once this loss of bone reaches a certain point, a person has osteoporosis. After menopause, bone resorption (breakdown) outpaces the building of new bone. Osteoporosis is a silent disease, reflected only in a low bone density, till a fracture occurs.One of the most rapidly emerging health problems in the postmenopausal women is osteoporosis. It is now realized that, osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India in the elderly women population. Aim:To study the correlation between serum minerals and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in pre and postmenopausal women.Methods: This study was designed to find out the serum mineral levels and its correlation with bone mineral density in pre and post-menopausal women. The present study was a cross-sectional study. 40 women from each group i.e. premenopausal and postmenopausal women were selected for the study with no medical, surgical or gynaecological abnormalities. The Bone Mineral Density (BMD) was measured by Bone Densitometer and classified as normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis according to T-score. Serum minerals were measured in autoanalyser. The data was analyzed using Microsoft excel 2007. For the comparison of values between the groups, students ‘t’ test was used, for the correlation, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used. Results: Around 80% of the post-menopausal women are osteoporotic. BMD scores were significantly low in postmenopausal women according to T-score along with significantly decreased Serum mineral levels when compared to premenopausal women. There was significant positive correlation between T-score and serum calcium and magnesium levels in postmenopausal women.Conclusions: Our study suggests that peri and postmenopausal women should take magnesium rich foods also like whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables (especially dark-green, leafy vegetables) every day which will help to provide recommended intakes of magnesium and maintain normal storage levels of this mineral. If these foods are not available or serum levels are too low supplementation can be given in the form of tablets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Approximately 50 per cent of it is present in our bones. Magnesium helps prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis in the following ways: 7,16,17 • Magnesium helps control hundreds of enzymatic reactions in cells that influence bone density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bone mineral density and serum minerals in pre and post-menopausal women

Mishra¹,

Manju²,

Toora³

et al. 2015

Int J Clin Trials

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“…Some authors claim that their levels rise after ovariectomy [17], others prove the opposite data [18]. A fall in estrogen levels increases the resorptive effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which would lead to hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia [17] and hypomagnesaemia [19,20]. However, a compensatory mechanism that reduces intestinal absorption and increases renal calcium excretion is triggered [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Serum Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Metalloproteinase-9 in an Ovariectomized Wistar Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Grigoryan

Dimitrova

Kostov

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research

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SummaryOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of the microarchitectonics of bone structure and a high risk for fracture. One of the criteria for altered bone homeostasis includes the changes in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The purpose of this study was to determine the serum concentrations of calcium (Ca 2+ ), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MMP-9 in ovariectomized rats. We used 35 female Wistar rats at reproductive age (2 months) divided into 2 groups: a control group (G1-SHAM) -20 animals subjected to "false" ovariectomy and placebooperation, and an ovariectomized group (G2-OVX) -15 animals subjected to bilateral ovariectomy. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta for testing levels of Ca 2 + , P, Mg 2+, ALP and MMP-9. No statistically signi cant differences in serum concentrations of 2+ , P and Mg 2+were found between G2 and G1 ( >0.05). The values of ALP and MMP-9 in rats of G2 were statistically signi cantly increased, as compared to G1 (p<0.05). The serum activity of ALP, which is a marker for bone formation, was increased in OVX-induced osteoporosis. Elevated serum MMP-9 levels in G2 con rmed the hypothesis that it is a marker for osteoclast activity.

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“…Osteoporosis are induced experimentally through different methods (18)(19)(20) , one of main method to induce osteopetrosis is ovariectomy (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) but it was found that rabbits constitutes a poor model for exclusively ovarian function deprivation osteoporosis. Failure in achieving significant reductions in bone mass of rabbit could be explained by presence of reflex ovulations or an ectopic production of sexual hormones (27) , so osteoporosis were induced in present study by using GCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin on Alveolar Socket Healing in Glucocorticoids-Induced Osteoporosis in Rabbits (Histological and Immuno-histomorphometric study)

2017

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet rich fibrin on the healing of osteoporotic alveolar socket after tooth extraction in experimentally induced osteoporosis in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Thirty six adult female rabbits were used in this study. Rabbits were divided into 3 groups (group1, group2 &group 3: 12 for each group) then each group was divided into 3 subgroups (4 for each subgroups) according to the date of scarification at 7, 20, 30 days postoperatively. Group 1: (12 rabbits), alveolar socket was left empty after first molar extraction (didn't receive Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF)). For the remaining 24 female rabbits: osteoporosis was experimentally induced by receiving 1.56 mg/kg dexamethasone (Dex) intraperitoneal injection daily for 2 months to induce osteoporosis -like condition. Group 2: (12 rabbits), osteoporotic alveolar sockets were left empty after first molar extraction (didn't receive PRF). Group 3: (12 rabbits), osteoporotic alveolar socket received PRF after first molar extraction. The specimens were collected, prepared and examined by routine haematoxylin &eosin and immunostained by Osteoprotogrin (OPG) marker. Results: at 7, 20 and 30 days, the greatest mean value was recorded in group 1, followed by group 3, with the least value recorded in group 2. Both group 1and 3 revealed a decrease in area percent of OPG throughout the study, whereas in group 2 revealed an increase. Conclusions: The study offers a clear evidence that topical application of PRF in osteoporotic alveolar socket after tooth extraction accelerates and increases the rate of bone formation and maturation than in osteoporotic alveolar socket without PRF.

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Magnesium and Osteoporosis: Current State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions

Cited by 407 publications

References 59 publications

Comparison of bone mineral density and serum minerals in pre and post-menopausal women

Comparison of bone mineral density and serum minerals in pre and post-menopausal women

Changes of Serum Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Metalloproteinase-9 in an Ovariectomized Wistar Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Evaluation of the Effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin on Alveolar Socket Healing in Glucocorticoids-Induced Osteoporosis in Rabbits (Histological and Immuno-histomorphometric study)

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