Magnesium and bone strength

Okuma, Toshitada

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00551-2

Cited by 142 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Mg is present in the human body at concentrations between 1 and 6 mol %, and half of this amount is found in hard tissues. This element plays an important role in hard tissue metabolism, influencing osteoblast and osteoclast activity, and as a result, controlling the growth of bone [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In vivo studies have demonstrated that the presence of Mg in HA improves cell behaviour, adhesion with synthetic hard tissues, proliferation, and metabolic activation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature densification of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite fine powders under hydrothermal hot processing conditions

Montoya-Cisneros

Rendón-Ángeles

Matamoros-Veloza

et al. 2017

Ceramics International

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Abstract:Densification of calcium hydroxyapatite fine powders doped with different concentrations of Mg (2, 4 and 6 mol % Mg, MgHA) was successfully achieved for the first time in a nearly fully dense state using the 2 hydrothermal hot pressing (HHP) technique at low temperatures. Consolidation of MgHA powders was studied under different temperatures (150-240 ºC), reaction times (1-6 h), and powder particle size (20 nm-1.5 m). X-Ray diffraction analyses indicated that the particle densification under HHP conditions proceeded without any variation in the crystalline structure and regardless of the Mg content. The results from this work showed that an increase in temperature accelerates the reaction between MgHA particles and water (solvent) mixed during the hydrothermal treatment. Particle packing associated with bulk densification was achieved through a massive dissolution-recrystallisation mechanism, which induced the formation of small particles that rapidly crystallised on the surface of the partially dissolved original MgHA particles. The optimum conditions to obtain pellets with a high apparent density of 3.0758 ± 0.001 g/cm 3 and tensile strength value of 12.6 ± 0.6 MPa were 10 wt% of water at a temperature of 240 ºC with a 6 h reaction time and 6 mol % of Mg (MgHA3). The use of the HHP technique coupled with the fine particle size and reactivity of the MgHA precursor powders with water allowed us to produce disks that were compacted to a nearly full dense state with a low content of open porosity of 2.0 %.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature densification of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite fine powders under hydrothermal hot processing conditions

Montoya-Cisneros

Rendón-Ángeles

Matamoros-Veloza

et al. 2017

Ceramics International

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“…22), 23) Magnesium is one of the important elements in the human body; the Mg 2+ ion concentration in the body has been reported to influence bone strength. 24) In addition, Mg 2+ ions have been reported to accelerate osteoblast adhesion and enhance cell proliferation and differentiation. 25) 28) Calcium phosphate invert glasses containing titanium or niobium have been the focus of research in our group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and dissolution behavior of MgO–P2O5–TiO2/Nb2O5 (Mg/P ≥ 1) invert glasses

Lee

Maeda

Obata

et al. 2015

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Magnesium phosphate glasses exhibit unusual properties and were classified as 'anomalous phosphate glasses', because magnesium is attributed to a variation of the oxygen coordination number from 6 to 4. Magnesium in phosphate glasses acts as an intermediate oxide and its role was determined, relating to the phosphate chain length. In the present work, MgOP 2 O 5 TiO 2 / Nb 2 O 5 glasses with Mg/P ratio between 1.00 and 1.36 were successfully prepared by a meltquenching method. Magnesium in the glasses worked as a network former to form POMg bonds, which are cross-linked short phosphate chains that improved the glass-forming ability. Intermediate oxides (i.e., TiO 2 and Nb 2 O 5 ) in the glasses also cross-linked short phosphate chains to form P OTi/Nb bonds. The chemical durability of the glasses decreased with an increase in the Mg/P ratio, because magnesium, which entered the phosphate network, weakened the glass network to induce hydrolysis. The dissolution rate of Ti 4+ and Nb 5+ ions showed a decreasing tendency with an increase in the Mg/P ratio. The surfaces of the glasses were considered to be covered with gel-like oxide layers containing titanium or niobium and phosphate.

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“…6 As a cation, magnesium is a cofactor for over 302 enzymatic reactions and is essential for the synthesis of proteins, antioxidants, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. [7][8][9][10] Of extreme importance is its role in maintaining genomic stability. In addition to stabilizing the structure of DNA and RNA, magnesium is a cofactor in the repair process to remove DNA damage caused by external mutagens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Because of the major role played by magnesium in these metabolic pathways, magnesium deficiency causes an increase in susceptibility to oxidative stress. 9 Magnesium ions are also needed for the transport of potassium and calcium ions, 9 which are minerals essential for bone growth. High levels of magnesium cations ensure adequate levels of calcium in the blood to prevent excessive bone resorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of magnesium cations ensure adequate levels of calcium in the blood to prevent excessive bone resorption. 9 In fact, studies have shown that a magnesium-restricted diet significantly reduces the levels of serum magnesium and osteocalcin, a protein that affects bone formation. 11 Furthermore, low magnesium levels increase bone resorption, as seen by elevated levels of parathyroid hormone and deoxypyridinoline in rats with a magnesiumrestricted diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured magnesium has fewer detrimental effects on osteoblast function

Weng¹,

Webster²

2013

IJN

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Efforts have been made recently to implement nanoscale surface features on magnesium, a biodegradable metal, to increase bone formation. Compared with normal magnesium, nanostructured magnesium has unique characteristics, including increased grain boundary properties, surface to volume ratio, surface roughness, and surface energy, which may influence the initial adsorption of proteins known to promote the function of osteoblasts (boneforming cells). Previous studies have shown that one way to increase nanosurface roughness on magnesium is to soak the metal in NaOH. However, it has not been determined if degradation of magnesium is altered by creating nanoscale features on its surface to influence osteoblast density. The aim of the present in vitro study was to determine the influence of degradation of nanostructured magnesium, created by soaking in NaOH, on osteoblast density. Our results showed a less detrimental effect of magnesium degradation on osteoblast density when magnesium was treated with NaOH to create nanoscale surface features. The detrimental degradation products of magnesium are of significant concern when considering use of magnesium as an orthopedic implant material, and this study identified a surface treatment, ie, soaking in NaOH to create nanoscale features for magnesium that can improve its use in numerous orthopedic applications.

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Magnesium and bone strength

Cited by 142 publications

References 11 publications

Low-temperature densification of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite fine powders under hydrothermal hot processing conditions

Low-temperature densification of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite fine powders under hydrothermal hot processing conditions

Structure and dissolution behavior of MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub>/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (Mg/P ≥ 1) invert glasses

Nanostructured magnesium has fewer detrimental effects on osteoblast function

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Magnesium and bone strength

Cited by 142 publications

References 11 publications

Low-temperature densification of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite fine powders under hydrothermal hot processing conditions

Low-temperature densification of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite fine powders under hydrothermal hot processing conditions

Structure and dissolution behavior of MgO&ndash;P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>&ndash;TiO<sub>2</sub>/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (Mg/P &ge; 1) invert glasses

Nanostructured magnesium has fewer detrimental effects on osteoblast function

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Structure and dissolution behavior of MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub>/Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (Mg/P ≥ 1) invert glasses