Magnesium Absorption by Lactating Dairy Cows on a Grass Silage-Based Diet Supplied with Different Potassium and Magnesium Levels

Holtenius, K.; Kronqvist, Cecilia; Briland, Elin; Spörndly, Rolf

doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0309

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, even at high luminal K 1 concentrations, absorption of Mg 21 ions across the rumen remains possible and can be increased by an elevation of the luminal Mg 21 concentration (Martens and Blume, 1986;Ram et al, 1998;Jittakhot et al, 2004a and2004b;Holtenius et al, 2008). This variable interaction between K 1 intake and Mg 21 absorption has been quantified, permitting the prediction of Mg absorption (Weiss, 2004).…”

Section: Absorption Of Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of cations and anions across forestomach epithelia: conclusions from in vitro studies

Leonhard-Marek

Stumpff

Martens

2010

Animal

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Secretion of saliva as well as absorptive and secretory processes across forestomach epithelia ensures an optimal environment for microbial digestion in the forestomachs. Daily salivary secretion of sodium (Na 1 ) exceeds the amount found in plasma by a factor of 2 to 3, while the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO 3 2 ) is 6 to 8 times higher than the amount of HCO 3 2 in the total extracellular space. This implies a need for efficient absorptive mechanisms across forestomach epithelia to allow for an early recycling. While Na 1 is absorbed from all forestomachs via Na 1 /H 1 exchange and a non-selective cation channel that shows increased conductance at low concentrations of Mg 21 , Ca 21 or H 1 in the luminal microclima and at low intracellular Mg 21 , HCO 3 2 is secreted by the rumen for the buffering of ingesta but absorbed by the omasum to prevent liberation of CO 2 in the abomasum. Fermentation provides short chain fatty acids and ammonia (NH 3 ) that have to be absorbed both to meet nutrient requirements and maintain ruminal homeostasis of pH and osmolarity. The rumen is an important location for the absorption of essential minerals such as Mg 21 from the diet. Other ions can be absorbed, if delivered in sufficient amounts (Ca 21 , P i , K 1 , Cl 2 and NH 4 1 ). Although the presence of transport mechanisms for these electrolytes has been described earlier, our knowledge about their nature, regulation and crosstalk has increased greatly in the last years. New transport pathways have recently been added to our picture of epithelial transport across rumen and omasum, including an apical non-selective cation conductance, a basolateral anion conductance, an apical H 1 -ATPase, differently expressed anion exchangers and monocarboxylate transporters.Keywords: ruminants, sodium potassium magnesium and calcium, short chain fatty acids, chloride and bicarbonate, channels transporters and exchangers ImplicationsThe improved knowledge of ruminal ion transport clearly underlines its physiological meaning for the whole animal. For example, magnesium absorption is markedly reduced at low Mg and high K intake and the effect of potassium is diminished at high Mg intake. This variable interaction has been quantified recently permitting the prediction of Mg absorption. Great progress has also been made in understanding the interactions between the absorptive pathways for Na, short chain fatty acids and ammonium. The new findings on structure and regulation of various ion transporters will allow a better understanding of the challenges that different diets pose to the maintenance of homeostatic conditions within the rumen and within the cells of the surrounding epithelium, with the implications for the investigation of ruminal adaptation to different diets. Future studies on transport pathways should include the barrier function of rumen epithelium and its possible impairment under harsh feeding conditions.

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Section: Absorption Of Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of cations and anions across forestomach epithelia: conclusions from in vitro studies

Leonhard-Marek

Stumpff

Martens

2010

Animal

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“…In contrast to K, the Mg intakes during the lactation period were higher than the reported values (77 vs. 29.6–71.1 and 49 g/day by Holtenius et al . () and Kamiya et al . (), respectively) and the average excreted Mg was also 21%–189% higher than the previous values (Holtenius et al .…”

Section: Results and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…(), respectively) and the average excreted Mg was also 21%–189% higher than the previous values (Holtenius et al . ; Kamiya et al . ).…”

Section: Results and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of potassium and magnesium flows in animal production in Dianchi Lake basin, China

Amachika

Anzai

Lin

et al. 2015

Animal Science Journal

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The objectives of this study were to estimate and evaluate potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) budgets and flows of animal production in the basin of Dianchi Lake, China. Feed sampling and farmer interviews were conducted in field surveys. The supplies of K and Mg from local and external feeds and the retention, production and excretion of animals were calculated individually for dairy cows, fattening pigs, breeding sows, and broilers and laying hens. The K and Mg flows on a regional level were estimated using the individual budgets. At the individual level, in dairy cattle, the K and Mg supplied from local feeds accounted for large parts of the total nutrient intakes, whereas in the other animal categories most of the K and Mg in the feeds depended on external resources. Our findings also suggested that excessive Mg intake resulted in high Mg excretion and low use efficiency in dairy cattle and fattening pigs. At the regional level, the K and Mg amounts of manure produced and applied in the area (K: 339 and Mg: 143 t/year) exceeded those used as local feeds. Our results imply the animal production potentially increased the K and Mg loads in the regional agriculture system.

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“…When compared to control diets, greater levels of supplemental calcium carbonate or limestone (12 to 24 g/kg) reduced intake, milk yield or milk protein (Clark, Plegge, Davis, & McCoy, ; Rogers et al, , ). Supplementation with up to 8 g/kg magnesium oxide increased intake, milk yield or milk fat in some studies that used corn silage as the primary forage source (Erdman et al, ; Teh et al, ), but not in other studies that used different primary sources of forage (Bach, Guasch, Elcoso, Duclos, & Khelil‐Arfa, ; Holtenius, Kronqvist, Briland, & Spörndly, ; Stokes, Vandemark, & Bull, ; Thivierge et al, ). Inclusion of 40 g/kg magnesium oxide to corn silage based diets increased milk fat percentage without affecting yields of milk or milk fat (Xin, Tucker, & Hemken, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and encapsulated sodium bicarbonate on measures of post‐ruminal fermentation

Neiderfer

Barnard

Moyer

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Evidence suggests that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) absorbed from the large intestine may contribute to the inflammatory response to high starch feeding in dairy cows. This work evaluated the impact of buffers or alkalinizing agents with expected large intestinal activity on faecal indicators of intestinal fermentation and LPS. Ten latelactation cows were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 7-day periods.Cows were fed a diet containing 265 g/kg dry matter of starch and were abomasally infused with 1 g/kg body weight cornstarch daily. Treatments were control (CON), ration supplementation with 200 g/day sodium bicarbonate (FSB), 200 g/day calcium carbonate (FCC) or 125 g/day calcium carbonate plus 75 g/day of magnesium oxide (FCCM), or abomasal infusion of a lipid encapsulate providing 200 g/day sodium bicarbonate (ISB). The FCC, FCCM and ISB treatments were hypothesized to have large intestinal buffering effects, and FSB was included as a secondary control. Milk, feed, rumen and faecal samples were collected on day 7 of each period. Treatment did not affect intake, milk yield or milk composition. There were no effects of treatment on ruminal measures except that ISB tended to reduce and the post-ruminal treatments as a whole (FCC, FCCM and ISB) reduced rumen butyrate compared with CON.Faecal pH was greater for FCCM compared with all other treatments. Total faecal VFA tended to increase with FCC and FCCM compared with CON and was increased by the post-ruminal treatments as a whole compared with CON. Treatment did not affect faecal dry matter, lactate or LPS or apparent total tract nutrient digestibility.Although some treatments altered fermentation as evidenced by the change in faecal VFA, this was not accompanied by a decrease in faecal LPS. The strategies employed in this study had limited effects on large intestinal fermentation. K E Y W O R D Scalcium carbonate, lipopolysaccharide, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate | 803 NEIDERFER Et al.

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Magnesium Absorption by Lactating Dairy Cows on a Grass Silage-Based Diet Supplied with Different Potassium and Magnesium Levels

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Transport of cations and anions across forestomach epithelia: conclusions from in vitro studies

Transport of cations and anions across forestomach epithelia: conclusions from in vitro studies

Estimation of potassium and magnesium flows in animal production in Dianchi Lake basin, China

Effects of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and encapsulated sodium bicarbonate on measures of post‐ruminal fermentation

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