‘Magic’ of twisted multi-layered graphene and 2D nano-heterostructures

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials with a single or few layers are exciting nano-scale materials that exhibit unprecedented multi-functional properties including optical, electronic, thermal, chemical and mechanical characteristics. A single layer of different 2D materials or a few layers of the same material may not always have the desired application-specific properties to an optimal level. In this context, a new trend has started gaining prominence lately to develop engineered nano-heterostructures by algorithmically stacking multiple layers of single or different 2D materials, wherein each layer could further have individual twisting angles. The enormous possibilities of forming heterostructures through combining a large number of 2D materials with different numbers, stacking sequences and twisting angles have expanded the scope of nano-scale design well beyond considering only a 2D material mono-layer with a specific set of given properties. Magic angle twisted bilayer graphene, a functional variant of van der Waals heterostructures, has created a buzz recently since it achieves unconventional superconductivity and mott insulation at around 1.1o twist angle. These findings have ignited the interest of researchers to explore a whole new family of 2D heterostructures by introducing twists between layers to tune and enhance various multi-physical properties individually as well as their weighted compound goals. Here we aim to abridge outcomes of the relevant literature concerning twist-dependent physical properties of bilayer graphene and other multi-layered heterostructures, and subsequently highlight their broad-spectrum potential in critical engineering applications. The evolving trends and challenges have been critically analysed along with insightful perspectives on the potential direction of future research.

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“…Attention is paid to nano-heterostructures (NH) based on solids and their solutions, and alloys containing such NHs are incredibly intriguing and essential as building materials for optoelectronic devices [1]. II-VI Nano crystalline semiconductors are characterized by nanoparticles that exhibit compelling unique properties that are lacking in bulk materials, such as having more surface atoms [1][2][3][4]. Because of their unique features, researchers examined the structural properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to investigate the materialsóptical characteristics.…”