Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role

Davies, Nigel; Morland, Antony B.

doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.05.004

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…They found no significant interocular differences in the ratio of foveal to parafoveal autofluorescence (n ¼ 36, paired t ¼ À1.0, P ¼ 0.3) and the correlation between eyes was significant (r ¼ þ0.55, P ¼ 0.001). For MP or its main components, several studies have also reported a good interocular correlation (Handelman et al, 1991;Hammond and Fuld, 1992;Beatty et al, 2001;Gellermann et al, 2002;Davies and Morland, 2004;Neelam et al, 2005;Liew et al, 2006), in line with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Interocular agreement in melanin and macular pigment optical density

Kanis

Berendschot

Norren

2007

Experimental Eye Research

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Macular pigment (MP) and melanin possibly protect the macular area by absorbing blue light and acting as antioxidants. Because little is known about the interocular correlation of melanin, we determined its optical density (MOD) in both eyes of healthy subjects using fundus reflectometry. The measuring method also provided optical densities of MP (MPOD). In addition to evaluating its interocular correspondence we checked its dependency on central retinal thickness as measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Spectral fundus reflectance was measured in 69 eyes of 37 healthy participants. Both eyes of 32 subjects (15 males and 17 females, aged 57.9 AE 14.6 years) were used to evaluate interocular correspondences. MPOD data from 35 right eyes of 18 males and 17 females, aged 55.7 AE 15.7 years, was used to evaluate the relation between central retinal thickness and MPOD. MOD was 0.99 AE 0.30 (range: 0.57e2.07) for the left eyes and 1.02 AE 0.28 (range: 0.62e2.07) for the right eyes. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.89 (P < 0.001). MPOD was 0.49 AE 0.19 for the left eyes (range: 0.12e0.81) and 0.47 AE 0.17 (range: 0.14e0.73) for the right eyes. The ICC was 0.91 (P < 0.001). Macular retinal thickness (MRT), representing the average macular thickness in the central 1000 mm zone, was 210 AE 28 mm. Foveal retinal thickness (FRT), representing the retinal thickness at the crossing of the 6 radial scan lines on OCT, was 175 AE 34 mm. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no significant linear association between MRT and MPOD (r ¼ À0.04, P ¼ 0.82), and between FRT and MPOD (r ¼ 0.05, P ¼ 0.78). The optical density of melanin showed a high interocular correspondence in healthy white participants. Similar results were found for MPOD. Relative interocular differences of more than 32% in MOD, or more than 34% in MPOD, may point to pathology. No relation between central retinal thickness and MPOD was found.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Interocular agreement in melanin and macular pigment optical density

Kanis

Berendschot

Norren

2007

Experimental Eye Research

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“…The widely quoted curve of Wyszecki and Stiles (1982) shows a peak absorbance of 70%, but this value includes a normalization factor; whereas Brown and Wald (1963) base their density estimate of 0.4 (absorption of 60%) on actual measurements in the human macula. Direct comparison between absorption by the involved pigments in their natural environment and the transmission defects estimated psychophysically have confirmed that pigment density is of this order (Bone et al, 1992;Davies and Morland, 2004).…”

Section: Transmission By Mediamentioning

confidence: 70%

Specifying and controlling the optical image on the human retina

Westheimer

2006

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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A review covering the trends that led to the current state of knowledge in the areas of:(a) schematic models of the eye, and the definition of the retinal image in terms of first-order optics; (b) the description of the actual image on the retina and methods for accessing and characterizing it; (c) available procedures for controlling the quality of the retinal image in defined situations; and (d) intra-receptoral optical effects that cause differences between the light distribution on the retinal surface and at the level of interaction with photopigment molecules.

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“…Les pigments maculaires évitent les effets nocifs des courtes longueurs d'onde sur la rétine [Werner et al, 2000]. Ils sont anti-oxydants et préviennent la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge (DMLA) [Seddon et al, 1994], [Bone et al, 2000], [Davies, Morland, 2004], [Whitehead et al, 2006], [Nolan et al, 2007].…”

Section: Pigments Maculairesunclassified

“…Plus accessoirement, les pigments maculaires améliorent la qualité de l'image fovéale par l'atténuation de l'aberration chromatique [Le Grand, 1972], [Wooten, Hammond, 2002], [Davies, Morland, 2004] ou par atténuation de la diffraction atmosphérique [Wooten, Hammond, 2002].…”

Section: Pigments Maculairesunclassified