Macular Holes

Pathology and pathogenesis of retinal detachment

“…Traumatic vitreous syneresis may occur following trauma, at which time fluid seeps into the subretinal space through the break leading to retinal detachment. 116 Nine percent of all macular holes develop following blunt trauma 117 and these can lead to retinal detachment. Several mechanisms 118 have been proposed for the development of these holes including post-contusion necrosis and vitreoretinal traction by a contrecoup effect.…”

Vitreous surgery for macular hole-related retinal detachment after phacoemulsification cataract extraction: 10-year retrospective review

“…3 We also showed findings consistent with a previous report that MHRD occurred mainly in older women with myopia (46D) and a posterior staphyloma. 4,5 MHRD is believed to arise from tangential traction on the retina by an epiretinal membrane or the inverse traction of the retina that cannot expand along with the posterior enlargement of the staphyloma. [6][7][8][9] As cases of cataract surgeries continue to increase, a higher incidence of MHRD is possible in the future.…”

Optical coherence tomography characteristics of full-thickness traumatic macular holes

“…Traumatic macular hole formation is uncommon, usually occurs in young males, and the incidence varies in the literature from 1 to 9%. [5][6][7][8] The exact mechanism by which TMHs form remains subject to debate. There are many theories about their pathogenesis but not any one has sufficiently strong arguments due to the limited information available about its natural history and to the fact that they occur so infrequently.…”

“…There are many theories about their pathogenesis but not any one has sufficiently strong arguments due to the limited information available about its natural history and to the fact that they occur so infrequently. [8][9][10][11][12] One of the earliest theories in the early 1900s assumed that the retinal stretching resulted from ocular deformity and/ or the strong force of impact on the posterior pole. 8,9 Today, it is recognized that TMH is not only caused by direct concussion of the eyeball, but may be secondary to other causative factors such as vitreous traction.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12] One of the earliest theories in the early 1900s assumed that the retinal stretching resulted from ocular deformity and/ or the strong force of impact on the posterior pole. 8,9 Today, it is recognized that TMH is not only caused by direct concussion of the eyeball, but may be secondary to other causative factors such as vitreous traction. 13,14 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technology that provides cross-sectional images of the retina with reproducible display of intraretinal pathology.…”