Macroscopically measurable force induced by temperature discontinuities at solid-gas interfaces

Abstract

We consider a freely movable solid that separates a long tube into two regions, each of which is filled with a dilute gas. The gases in each region are initially prepared at the same pressure but different temperatures. Under the assumption that the pressure and temperatures of gas particles before colliding with the solid are kept constant over time, we show that temperature gaps appearing on the solid surface generate a force. We provide a quantitative estimation of the force, which turns out to be large enough to be observed by a macroscopic measurement.

Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics for Adiabatic Piston Problem

“…By using perturbation expansion in the small parameter ǫ ≡ m/M , we derive the steady velocity up to order ǫ. It should be noted that we can derive the local detailed balance condition for the more general case where the wall consists of many atoms [18].…”

Multiplicative Langevin equation to reproduce long-time properties of nonequilibrium Brownian motion

“…Each dotted line corresponds to eq. ( 31), (32), or (33), i.e., s 3 = 1.5α 3 δ with of the Rayleigh piston (7). The points of the two figures coincide with each other within the statistical error.…”

“…3. It is remarkable that all the data are collapsed in each line corresponding to (31), (32) or (33) for 0.032 ≤ ε ≤ 0.141 and 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1. Thus, we can determine the value of the growth rates s n for any parameter value.…”

“…To demonstrate, we adopt a standard model, called the Rayleigh piston, which is used to derive the equilibrium Langevin equation from the microscopic dynamics of a large number of degrees of freedom [16,17]. Its nonequilibrium version is presented in textbooks and has been studied during the past few decades [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. We numerically identify a multiplicative Langevin equation (13) that reproduces the cumulants of long-time displacement of this nonequilibrium Brownian motion at least up to the third order.…”

Nonlinear selective reflection spectroscopy of V‐type atomic system at the gas‐solid interface

“…Gas-solid interface has been widely studied as a physical resource [12][13][14][15][16]. Recently, many physics phenomena such as EIT [17,18], Autler-Townes splitting [19] and transient four-wave mixing [20] are demonstrated experimentally in reflection spectra at the gas-solid interface.…”