Abstract:In order to improve the current knowledge of the topography and the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the one‐humped dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), we applied both conventional and advanced imaging techniques, namely, radiography and computed tomography (CT). Twelve heads of healthy dromedaries were used; eight heads were dissected to obtain skulls for the fenestration of the sinuses, two heads underwent anatomical sections, and two heads were imaged respectively by radiography and CT. Sinus fenestration a… Show more
“…20,29 Such openings can be easily determined by performing CT scanning (Figure 4A-B/a). The right and left frontal sinuses were separated by an interfrontal septum in cattle, 2,4 buffaloes, 20,29 Alcelaphus species, 33 camels, 13,14 Egyptian sheep, 18 and Ossimi Sheep. 17 However, in cattle, small openings can be found on the caudal part of the septum.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ventral conchal sinus was reported in horses, 3,8,9,12 cattle, 2,3,21,27 pigs, 2,3,21,27 and goats. 19,21,28 However, the ventral conchal sinus is absent in buffaloes, 20 camels, 13,14 and Egyptian sheep. 18 In this study, we found that the ventral conchal sinus occupied the caudal part of the ventral nasal concha in 11 animals, one of which was unilateral (left) (Figures 2C-D,3A-B,7,8/VCS, Table S).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 With age, the sinus extends caudo-ventrally into the parietal, interparietal, occipital, and temporal bones in cattle, 3,22 bufaloes, 20,26,29 bison, 30 giraffe, and warthog. 31 The frontal sinus is limited to the frontal bone in camel, 13,14 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), 30 Saanen goat, 19 and Ossimi sheep. 17 Awaad et al 18 reported that the frontal sinus extends into the lacrimal and parietal bones in Egyptian sheep.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The slices were cleaned gently by light brushing under tap water, and the section surface of each slice was photographed using a digital camera (Sony Alpha DSLR‐A330). These slices were placed in plastic boxes containing 10% formalin solution for further analysis 8,9,14 …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Computed tomography has been performed to describe the cross‐sectional anatomy of the normal paranasal sinuses and heads of carnivores, 5,6 pigs, 7 equines, 8–12 camels 13–15 llamas, 16 small ruminants, 18,19 and buffaloes 20 . In cattle, there is very limited information about the anatomical structure of the normal paranasal sinuses only in anatomy texts 1 .…”
The structure of paranasal sinuses in cattle is difficult to understand due to its complexity, age-related changes, and insufficient published data. In this prospective, anatomic study, we described the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses in the Holstein cow using computed tomography (CT) and cross-sectional anatomic slices. Twelve healthy adult Holstein cow heads were used for this study. The heads were scanned using CT, and frozen anatomical sections were taken. The locations, borders, and relationships of the paranasal sinuses were defined on the anatomical sections and CT images. The paranasal sinuses on each side of the head consisted of conchal (dorsal, middle, and ventral), maxillary, lacrimal, palatine, frontal, sphenoid sinuses, and ethmoidal cells.The frontal sinus pneumatized all bones surrounding the cranial cavity, except for the ethmoidal and body of basisphenoid bones. The sphenoid and ventral conchal sinuses were the most asymmetrical, and the middle conchal sinus was the simplest. The ventral conchal sinus was detected in eleven animals, one of which was unilateral. This sinus communicated with the middle nasal meatus (13/21) and ventral nasal meatus (8/21). Findings can be used as background for interpreting CT studies of cattle with clinical signs of sinonasal region diseases. Future cross-sectional radiological and reconstructive anatomical studies and investigation of the postnatal development of related structures in cattle are needed.
“…20,29 Such openings can be easily determined by performing CT scanning (Figure 4A-B/a). The right and left frontal sinuses were separated by an interfrontal septum in cattle, 2,4 buffaloes, 20,29 Alcelaphus species, 33 camels, 13,14 Egyptian sheep, 18 and Ossimi Sheep. 17 However, in cattle, small openings can be found on the caudal part of the septum.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ventral conchal sinus was reported in horses, 3,8,9,12 cattle, 2,3,21,27 pigs, 2,3,21,27 and goats. 19,21,28 However, the ventral conchal sinus is absent in buffaloes, 20 camels, 13,14 and Egyptian sheep. 18 In this study, we found that the ventral conchal sinus occupied the caudal part of the ventral nasal concha in 11 animals, one of which was unilateral (left) (Figures 2C-D,3A-B,7,8/VCS, Table S).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…2 With age, the sinus extends caudo-ventrally into the parietal, interparietal, occipital, and temporal bones in cattle, 3,22 bufaloes, 20,26,29 bison, 30 giraffe, and warthog. 31 The frontal sinus is limited to the frontal bone in camel, 13,14 springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), 30 Saanen goat, 19 and Ossimi sheep. 17 Awaad et al 18 reported that the frontal sinus extends into the lacrimal and parietal bones in Egyptian sheep.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The slices were cleaned gently by light brushing under tap water, and the section surface of each slice was photographed using a digital camera (Sony Alpha DSLR‐A330). These slices were placed in plastic boxes containing 10% formalin solution for further analysis 8,9,14 …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Computed tomography has been performed to describe the cross‐sectional anatomy of the normal paranasal sinuses and heads of carnivores, 5,6 pigs, 7 equines, 8–12 camels 13–15 llamas, 16 small ruminants, 18,19 and buffaloes 20 . In cattle, there is very limited information about the anatomical structure of the normal paranasal sinuses only in anatomy texts 1 .…”
The structure of paranasal sinuses in cattle is difficult to understand due to its complexity, age-related changes, and insufficient published data. In this prospective, anatomic study, we described the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses in the Holstein cow using computed tomography (CT) and cross-sectional anatomic slices. Twelve healthy adult Holstein cow heads were used for this study. The heads were scanned using CT, and frozen anatomical sections were taken. The locations, borders, and relationships of the paranasal sinuses were defined on the anatomical sections and CT images. The paranasal sinuses on each side of the head consisted of conchal (dorsal, middle, and ventral), maxillary, lacrimal, palatine, frontal, sphenoid sinuses, and ethmoidal cells.The frontal sinus pneumatized all bones surrounding the cranial cavity, except for the ethmoidal and body of basisphenoid bones. The sphenoid and ventral conchal sinuses were the most asymmetrical, and the middle conchal sinus was the simplest. The ventral conchal sinus was detected in eleven animals, one of which was unilateral. This sinus communicated with the middle nasal meatus (13/21) and ventral nasal meatus (8/21). Findings can be used as background for interpreting CT studies of cattle with clinical signs of sinonasal region diseases. Future cross-sectional radiological and reconstructive anatomical studies and investigation of the postnatal development of related structures in cattle are needed.
In order to improve the current knowledge of the topography and the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the one‐humped dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), we applied both conventional and advanced imaging techniques, namely, radiography and computed tomography (CT). Twelve heads of healthy dromedaries were used; eight heads were dissected to obtain skulls for the fenestration of the sinuses, two heads underwent anatomical sections, and two heads were imaged respectively by radiography and CT. Sinus fenestration allowed observation of sinuses and their communications. In each dissected dromedary's head, the frontal sinus is a large compartment delimited by thick partitions. The sphenoid sinus is divided into small compartments by bony plates. The lacrimal sinus occupies a small cavity in the rostro‐medial lacrimal bone of the orbit. In all dissected heads, there was neither palatal sinus nor ventral conchal sinus. Five images obtained by CT were selected with an excellent correspondence with the anatomical sections. These images allowed a good differentiation between bones and sinus cavities. The visualisation of the sinus cavities and their anatomical limits has better quality using the CT compared to the radiography. Radiographic and CT images are therefore very useful for the interpretation of clinical imaging studies of the dromedary's paranasal sinuses.
Cattle disorders affecting the sphenoid sinus are underreported, likely due to difficulties in imaging and lacking topographic knowledge. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the normal anatomical and morphometric features of the cattle sphenoid sinus. Twelve healthy adult Holstein cow heads were used, and the sinus was examined using CT, anatomical sectioning and 3D modelling. The sinus was bilaterally detected in all animals but exhibited structural asymmetry and significant interindividual differences in morphological characteristics. Three parts of the sinus were defined, namely the rostral, median and alar parts, which conform to the morphological structure of the sphenoid bone. The rostral part was bilateral in shape and located on the orbit wall of the presphenoid bone in all animals. The median part, which pneumatized the body of the sphenoid bone, was observed bilaterally in seven animals, while the alar part, which pneumatized the wing of the sphenoid bone, was formed bilaterally in four animals. The sinus volume and surface area were 11 ± 8 cm3 and 49 ± 30 cm2, respectively. These findings may aid in the diagnosis of cattle sphenoid sinus disorders and contribute to the knowledge of regional anatomy for radiologists and clinicians.
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