Macroporous carbon as support for PtRu catalysts

Electrochemical Oxidation of the Carbon Support to Synthesize Pt(Cu) and Pt-Ru(Cu) Core-Shell Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells

“…In this case, the anodic oxidation of methanol produces CO-type intermediates, which also lead to the Pt metal poisoning. In order to solve this problem, Pt-containing binary and ternary alloys have alternatively been studied [3,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The amount of Pt used could also be decreased in this form, because it is expensive and has a limited abundance in the Earth [3,7,8,11,[16][17][18].…”

“…The amount of Pt used could also be decreased in this form, because it is expensive and has a limited abundance in the Earth [3,7,8,11,[16][17][18]. In this way, Pt-Ru and Pt alloy nanoparticles containing Au, Ni, Cu, Co, Pd, and/or other transition metals have been tested on different carbon substrates as anodic catalysts [1,2,6,[9][10][11]13,16,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…Pt(IV) and Ru(III) species or their carbonyl complexes can be reduced in ethylenglycol or formate solutions [11,13,30], also using in some cases oil in water microemulsions [31], microwave radiation [15], or galvanic exchange [32][33][34]. However, carbon blacks and active carbons have been the mostly employed supports for low-temperature fuel cells due to their unique characteristics of high surface area, electric conductivity, porosity, stability, and low cost [1,3,10,16,22,30,35,36].…”

Ruthenium–Platinum Catalysts and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC): A Review of Theoretical and Experimental Breakthroughs

“…Though not analyzed here in detail, one should also remark recent studies aiming to improve Ru-Pt catalysts by consideration of carbon based material as supports [48][49][50][51][52] or improving the membrane selectivity [53]. These carbon-supported catalysts are synthesized through different techniques leading to different nanoparticles sizes and Ru-Pt alloying grades which affects the reactivity [54,55].…”

Effect of bimodal mesoporous carbon as PtRu catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells

“…12 Recently, different routes for the preparation of advanced nanostructured carbon materials have emerged, providing extra ne-tuning of the supported catalyst electroactivity. 12,13,[17][18][19] An ideal carbon support should allow the preparation of highly dispersed catalytic nanoparticles, whereas the porosity should ensure the ionomer penetration for proton transport while allowing a facile access path for reactants and by-products. 17,20 It was shown that pores over 20 nm can ensure the formation of the triple phase boundary (TPB) region by allowing an optimal contact between the catalyst and the ionomer (Naon).…”