Macrophage Polarization Induced by Bacteria‐Responsive Antibiotic‐Loaded Nanozymes for Multidrug Resistance‐Bacterial Infections Management

Abstract

Inherited bacterial resistance and biofilm‐induced local immune inactivation are important factors in the failure of antibiotics to fight against bacterial infections. Herein, antibiotic‐loaded mesoporous nanozymes (HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx) are fabricated for overcoming bacterial resistance, and activating the local immunosuppression in biofilm microenvironment (BME). HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx are prepared by physical adsorption between ciprofloxacin (Cip) or glucose oxidase (GOx) and MRuO2 NPs, and modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). In vitro, HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx cleaves extracellular DNA (eDNA) to disrupt biofilm, thereby enhancing Cip kill planktonic bacteria. Furthermore, HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx can induce polarization and enhance phagocytosis of a macrophage‐derived cell line. More importantly, in vivo therapeutic performance confirms that HA@MRuO2‐Cip/GOx can trigger macrophage‐related immunity, and effectively alleviate MRSA‐bacterial lung infections. Accordingly, nanocatalytic therapy combined with targeted delivery of antibiotics could enhance the treatment of bacterial infections.

Targeting and arginine-driven synergizing photodynamic therapy with nutritional immunotherapy nanosystems for combating MRSA biofilms

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Construction of programmed time-released multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for impaired wound healing

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Nanotechnology‐driven strategies to enhance the treatment of drug‐resistant bacterial infections

“…Unlike the direct loading of DNase, the cleavage of eDNA can be achieved in situ through the Fenton reaction, utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) present in the bacterial infection microenvironment as a raw material (Chen, Gao, et al, 2023;Chen, Leimer, et al, 2023;Chen, Qi, et al, 2023). Liu et al prepared hollow mesoporous MRuO 2 nanoparticles by typical cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) soft template method, then loaded the antibiotic Cip and GOx into the MRuO 2 , and finally encapsulated them using hyaluronic acid (HA) to make biofilm microenvironmentally targeted antimicrobial nanoparticles, HA@MRuO 2 -Cip/GOx (Figure 2d-h) (Zhu et al, 2023). Due to the high specific surface area of MRuO 2 , both Cip and GOX had high loading rates of 12.3% w/w and 8.6% w/w, respectively.…”