Macrophage inhibits the osteogenesis of fibroblasts in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particle-induced osteolysis

Abstract

BackgroundIn the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) prosthetic environment, fibroblasts affected by wear particles have the capacity of osteogenesis to reduce osteolysis. We aimed to assess the effects of macrophages on the osteogenic capability of fibroblasts treated with UHMWPE wear particles.MethodsThe effect of different concentrations of UHMWPE (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/ml, respectively) on macrophage proliferation were validated by MTT assay to determine the optimum one. The fibroblasts viability was further determined in the co-culture system of UHMWPE particles and macrophage supernatants. The experiment was designed as seven groups: (A) fibroblasts only; (B) fibroblasts + 1 mg/ml UHMWPE particles; and (C1–C5) fibroblasts + 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and 1/1 supernatants of macrophage cultures stimulated by 1 mg/ml UHMWPE particles vs. fibroblast complete media, respectively. Alizarin red staining was used to detect calcium accumulation. The expression levels of osteogenic proteins were detected by Western blot and ELISA, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN).ResultsThe concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was considered as the optimum concentration for macrophage proliferation due to the survival rate and was highest among the four concentrations. Fibroblast viability was better in the group of fibroblasts + 1/16 ratio of macrophage supernatants stimulated by 1 mg/ml of UHMWPE particles than the other groups (1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1). ALP and OCN expressions were significantly decreased in the group of fibroblasts + 1/4, 1/2, and 1/1 supernatants stimulated by 1 mg/ml of UHMWPE particles compared with other groups (1/8, 1/16) and the group of fibroblasts + 1 mg/ml UHMWPE (p < 0.5).ConclusionsMacrophages are potentially involved in the periprosthetic osteolysis by reducing the osteogenic capability of fibroblasts treated with wear particles generated from UHMWPE materials in total hip arthroplasty.

Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment

“…There is strong evidence for the critical role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the mechanism of PPOL [7][8][9]. The evidence comes from in vitro studies [10][11][12][13][14], in vivo experiments [15][16][17][18][19], and analysis of tissues harvested during reoperations [20][21][22][23]. It has been repeatedly demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that after contact between artificially prepared prosthetic byproducts and immune cells, the latter express pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other substances ( Figure 1).…”

A Preliminary Analysis of the Wear Pathways of Sliding Contacts on Temporomandibular Joint Total Joint Replacement Prostheses

“…Many UHMWPE structures are sterilized by gamma irradiation at room environment. This has subsequently been shown to cause oxidative degradation of the polymer both in vitro and in vivo leading to an increased wear rate and release of polymeric debris [79,80]. Some studies have reported a lower friction when a highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) counter-body was used instead of UHMWPE against CoCr-based surfaces [78,81].…”

“…Immediately on implant placement, synthetic materials spontaneously adsorb a layer of host proteins that mediate the interaction with immune cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils). For instance, macrophages interact with wear particles through the layer of adsorbed serum proteins, including type I collagen, aggrecan proteoglycans, immunoglobulin, fibronectin and albumin (Figure 3) [80,88]. It is well-known that UHMWPE particles in the 0.1-1.0 µm size range have been shown to be more biologically reactive than larger particles.…”

Desgaste das próteses da articulação temporomandibular: uma revisão narrativa

“…Durante o processo de degradação, também partículas de UHMWPE podem ser libertadas, apresentando um formato de grânulos, lascas ou flocos, em vez do formato de agulha observado nos materiais metálicos. (Lei et al, 2019;Zaveri et al, 2017). A alteração das superfícies de contacto é uma das formas de diminuir o desgaste.…”