Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of a Purified Polysaccharide Isolated from Ganoderma atrum

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of the purified Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) on murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Phagocytotic assay by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran internalization showed that PSG-1 stimulated the phagocytosis of macrophages. G. atrum polysaccharide increased the production of NO, and the level of mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a dose-response manner. G. atrum polysaccharide also dose-dependently induced the release of TNF-α and interleukin-1β. Generation of reactive oxygen species was promoted by PSG-1, as determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, PSG-1 induced nuclear factor-κB activation by elevation of p65 nuclear translocation, suggesting that PSG-1 probably stimulated macrophage activities by activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway.

Macrophage activation by polysaccharides fromAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz through the nuclear factor-κB pathway

“…Thus, phagocytosis was enhanced by AMP, implying the elevation of innate immune response. This is consistent with purified Ganoderma atrum black (Yu et al, 2013) and Astragalus membranaceus (Zhao et al, 2011) polysaccharides. In addition to proinflammatory cytokines, NO has been recognized as the new type of mediator which has the similar functions to these cytokines.…”

Sulfated modification of the polysaccharides from Ganoderma atrum and their antioxidant and immunomodulating activities

“…Our results showed that it suppressed the growth of Sarcoma-180 tumour cells possibly by boosting the host immune system (Li et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2013). Furthermore, it considerably stimulated RAW264.7 cells and resulted in the secretion of cytokines and chemokines (Yu et al, 2013). These results indicated that G. atrum polysaccharide could be used as a potential antioxidant and immunoregulatory agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.…”

“…It plays a considerable role in regulating immune responsiveness. Previous studies have demonstrated that PSG-1 could induce the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-a from RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (Yu et al, 2013). Therefore, the effects of the derivatives of PSG on the production of TNF-a were further determined in the culture supernatants of macrophage after 24 h cultivation in this study.…”

Mechanism of the immunostimulatory activity by a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata

“…In addition, LPS has been used as a positive control in many studies to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides [27,28]. Thus, we selected LPS as the positive control in our present study.…”