Macronutrient Requirements of Silvery-Black Porgy (Sparidentex hasta): A Comparison with Other Farmed Sparid Species

Abstract

Silvery-black porgy (Sparidentex hasta) is recognized as one of the most promising fish species for aquaculture diversification in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea regions. In this regard, S. hasta has received considerable attention, and nutritional studies focused on establishing the nutritional requirements for improving diet formulation have been conducted during recent years. Considering the results from different dose-response nutritional studies on macronutrient requirements conducted in this species, it can be concluded that diets containing ca. 48% crude protein, 15% crude lipid, 15% carbohydrates and 20 KJ g −1 gross energy are recommended for on-growing S. hasta juveniles. In addition, the optimum essential amino acid profile for this species (expressed as g 16 g N −1 ), should be approximately arginine 5.3, lysine 6.0, threonine 5.2, histidine 2.5, isoleucine 4.6, leucine 5.4, methionine + cysteine 4.0 (in a diet containing 0.6 cysteine), phenylalanine + tyrosine 5.6 (in a diet containing 1.9 tyrosine), tryptophan 1.0 and valine 4.6. Moreover, the optimum dietary n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and soybean lecithin are recommended to be 0.8% and 6%, respectively. The maximum replacement of fish meal with soy protein is recommended to be between 16.5% and 27.3%. In addition, different vegetal oil sources are also recommended for partial and almost complete replacement of fish oil in diets. Although the nutritional requirements in terms of macronutrients have been established under laboratory conditions, the analysis of the available literature indicate that future studies need to be conducted using a more holistic approach under intensive farming conditions in which different nutrients or additives need to be tested under different rearing conditions for refining nutrient requirements in this species.

Larval rearing and ontogeny of digestive enzyme activities in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus, Houttuyn 1782)

“…The dietary macronutrients (i.e. energy, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, protein to energy and lipid to carbohydrate ratios) requirements also determined and reported for growout phase of this species (Mozanzadeh et al, 2017). However, the mass production of yellowfin seabream fry still has some bottlenecks such as low survival rates and cannibalistic behavior during larval stages, which jeopardizes the expansion of its commercial production.…”

De-novo genome assembly and annotation of sobaity seabream Sparidentex hasta

“…However, there is a global decline in fisheries ( Hossain et al, 2017 ) and to compensate for this decline and to assure future food security in Kuwait, aquaculture technologies were developed for S. hasta to fulfill the demands of the local market ( Teng et al, 1987 ; Abdullah et al, 1989 ). Sobaity was chosen to be the first candidate species for commercial production in Kuwait because of its survival capability and tolerance in captivity ( Al-Abdul-Elah et al, 2010 ; Torfi Mozanzadeh et al, 2017 ) and it is the second most favorable commercial seabream species in Kuwait after the yellowfin seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus ) ( Al-Zaidan et al, 2021 ). The selection of Sobaity for aquaculture in the early 80’s was primarily attributed to its ability to spawn in captivity, its tolerance to different culture conditions, and its fast growth rate ( Yousif et al, 2003 ).…”

Effects of dietary butyric acid glycerides on growth performance, haemato‐immunological and antioxidant status of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerlings

“…This species is a carnivorous marine fish with high economic value and great potential for mariculture in tropical and subtropical regions due to its suitable growth rate, ease of its propagation in captive conditions and high tolerance to various culture conditions (Tsui et al, 2016). Although, the nutritional requirements of A. latus are known (Mozanzadeh et al, 2017), the effects of dietary SCFA on this species have not been well understood. Previous studies demonstrated that supplementing diet with sodium acetate (Na-A) and sodium propionate(Na-P) (0.5% and 1% of diet) remarkably improved growth, humoral immune responses, antioxidative and digestive enzymes activities as well as haematological parameters in this species (Sangari et al, 2020;Sotoudeh et al, 2020).…”