Macromolecular-level polymer brush layer enabling geometric customization of lithium deposits

An anodeless, mechanically flexible and energy/power dense sodium battery prototype

“…Thus far, the effective regulation routes lie predominantly in the following aspects: (i) insulation of the metallic Na from severe electrolyte corrosion by constructing ionic-conductive protective coating on the deposition substrates, such as polymer brush macromolecules (polyether amine ''PEA''), porous ceramics (Al 2 O 3 , aluminum alkoxide ''alucone''), or carbonaceous over-coating intermediates (hollow carbon spheres and multilayer graphene). 20,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Although the homogenized Na + flux toward the substrate was achieved, these methods neglected the manipulation at the nucleation stage, resulting in dendrite formation upon high-capacityloadings; (ii) designing the sodiophilic architectures, for instance, the Na 15 Sn 4 host, ZnO/carbon fiber network, or Ag nanowires, etc., with a high surface area and reduced local current density to stagnate the nucleation. [39][40][41][42] Nonetheless, the large mass/volume portion of the metallic substrate in the cell models would come at the expense of theoretical energy density.…”

Alginate Fiber-Grafted Polyetheramine-Driven High Ion-Conductive and Flame-Retardant Separator and Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…In this work, the AF-grafted polyetheramines (PEA) , with different molecular weights (AF-PEA) were synthesized as the high ion-conductive and flame-retardant separators while being used as a backbone for the PEO/LiTFSI-casted SPEs (PEO@AF-PEA). The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the separators exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability.…”

“…Thus, investigating the relationship between chain length and ion transport efficiency is essential for the design of high ion-conductive and flame-retardant AFbased separators and SPEs. In this work, the AF-grafted polyetheramines (PEA) 44,45 with different molecular weights (AF-PEA) were synthesized as the high ion-conductive and flame-retardant separators while being used as a backbone for the PEO/LiTFSI-casted SPEs (PEO@AF-PEA). The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the separators exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability.…”

Alginate Fiber Grafted Polyetheramine Driven High Ion Conductive and Flame-Retardant Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…In this work, the AF grafted polyetheramines (PEA) [40,41] with different molecular weights (AF-PEA) were synthesized as the high ion conductive and ame-retardant porous backbone to prepare the SPEs (called PEO@AF-PEA) via casting PEO/LiTFSI. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the separators provided SPEs with excellent mechanical properties, ame retardancy and thermal stability, further enhancing the safety of the electrolyte.…”