Macrolide resistance phenotypes of commensal viridans group streptococci and Gemella spp. and PCR detection of resistance genes

Zolezzi, Paula Cerdá; Calvo, Ma Carmen Rubio; Millan, Lina V; Goñi, Pilar; Canales, Margarita; Capilla, Sílvia; Durán, Estrella Montolío; Gómez-Lus, R

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.10.014

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The predominant phenotype in both samples was the M phenotype [189]. In Belgium, 71% of volunteers between the ages of 17 and 25 years old carried MR VGS with predominance of the MLS B phenotype, while another study in Spain with MR strains from 172 patients showed that the M phenotype with the mef (E) gene was predominant in the early 2000s [181,190]. To sum up, MR is highly spread in VGS, as it is shown in different studies around the world.…”

Section: Macrolide Resistance In Other Streptococcimentioning

confidence: 91%

An Overview of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococci: Prevalence, Mobile Elements and Dynamics

et al. 2022

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Streptococcal infections are usually treated with beta-lactam antibiotics, but, in case of allergic patients or reduced antibiotic susceptibility, macrolides and fluoroquinolones are the main alternatives. This work focuses on studying macrolide resistance rates, genetic associated determinants and antibiotic consumption data in Spain, Europe and also on a global scale. Macrolide resistance (MR) determinants, such as ribosomal methylases (erm(B), erm(TR), erm(T)) or active antibiotic efflux pumps and ribosomal protectors (mef(A/E)-mrs(D)), are differently distributed worldwide and associated with different clonal lineages and mobile genetic elements. MR rates vary together depending on clonal dynamics and on antibiotic consumption applying selective pressure. Among Streptococcus, higher MR rates are found in the viridans group, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae, and lower MR rates are described in Streptococcus pyogenes. When considering different geographic areas, higher resistance rates are usually found in East-Asian countries and milder or lower in the US and Europe. Unfortunately, the availability of data varies also between countries; it is scarce in low- and middle- income countries from Africa and South America. Thus, surveillance studies of macrolide resistance rates and the resistance determinants involved should be promoted to complete global knowledge among macrolide resistance dynamics.

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Section: Macrolide Resistance In Other Streptococcimentioning

confidence: 91%

An Overview of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococci: Prevalence, Mobile Elements and Dynamics

et al. 2022

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“…46 Linezolid in vitro data, available only for G. haemolysans and G. morbillorum, have shown an excellent in vitro susceptibility profile with MIC 50 of 1 mg/l and MIC 90 of 2 mg/l, for both species. 47 There is only one reported case in which linezolid was used for the treatment of Gemella infection; this was a CNS infection due to G. haemolysans in a child, with an excellent outcome. 21 Although G. haemolysans isolated from clinical specimens in the past have usually been sensitive to penicillin G and ampicillin, recent data suggest an emerging resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of linezolid in pediatrics: a critical review

Dotis

Iosifidis

Ioannidou

et al. 2010

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…In particular, mefA, ermB, and tetB resulted especially prevalent, with respective Log 10 fold change values and ermB were reported to be prevalent in viridans groups streptococci (VGS), alone or in combination [42]. They confer to streptococci macrolide (M) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS B ) phenotypes [43,44], i.e.…”

Section: Resistome Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the oral microbiome by whole-genome sequencing and resistome analysis: the complexity of the healthy picture

et al. 2020

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Background The microbiome of the oral cavity is the second-largest and diverse microbiota after the gut, harboring over 700 species of bacteria and including also fungi, viruses, and protozoa. With its diverse niches, the oral cavity is a very complex environment, where different microbes preferentially colonize different habitats. Recent data indicate that the oral microbiome has essential functions in maintaining oral and systemic health, and the emergence of 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly contributed to revealing the complexity of its bacterial component. However, a detailed site-specific map of oral microorganisms (including also eukaryotes and viruses) and their relative abundance is still missing. Here, we aimed to obtain a comprehensive view of the healthy oral microbiome (HOM), including its drug-resistance features. Results The oral microbiome of twenty healthy subjects was analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and real-time quantitative PCR microarray. Sampled oral micro-habitat included tongue dorsum, hard palate, buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva, supragingival and subgingival plaque, and saliva with or without rinsing. Each sampled oral niche evidenced a different microbial community, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Alpha-diversity evidenced significant differences among the different sampled sites (p < 0.0001) but not among the enrolled subjects (p = 0.876), strengthening the notion of a recognizable HOM. Of note, oral rinse microbiome was more representative of the whole site-specific microbiomes, compared with that of saliva. Interestingly, HOM resistome included highly prevalent genes conferring resistance to macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramin, and tetracycline. Conclusions The data obtained in 20 subjects by WGS and microarray analysis provide for the first time a comprehensive view of HOM and its resistome, contributing to a deeper understanding of the composition of oral microbiome in the healthy subject, and providing an important reference for future studies, allowing to identify microbial signatures related to functional and metabolic alterations associated with diseases, potentially useful for targeted therapies and precision medicine.

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Macrolide resistance phenotypes of commensal viridans group streptococci and Gemella spp. and PCR detection of resistance genes

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

An Overview of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococci: Prevalence, Mobile Elements and Dynamics

An Overview of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococci: Prevalence, Mobile Elements and Dynamics

Use of linezolid in pediatrics: a critical review

Defining the oral microbiome by whole-genome sequencing and resistome analysis: the complexity of the healthy picture

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