Macrocyclic Receptors for Identification and Selective Binding of Substrates of Different Nature

Abstract

Molecular recognition of host/guest molecules represents the basis of many biological processes and phenomena. Enzymatic catalysis and inhibition, immunological response, reproduction of genetic information, biological regulatory functions, the effects of drugs, and ion transfer—all these processes include the stage of structure recognition during complexation. The goal of this review is to solicit and publish the latest advances in the design and sensing and binding abilities of porphyrin-based heterotopic receptors with well-defined geometries, the recognition ability of which is realized due to ionic, H-bridge, charge transfer, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic interactions. The dissection of the considered low-energy processes at the molecular scale expands our capabilities in the development of effective systems for controlled recognition, selective delivery, and prolonged release of substrates of different natures (including drugs) to their sites of functioning.

Molecular Recognition of Imidazole-Based Drug Molecules by Cobalt(III)- and Zinc(II)-Coproporphyrins in Aqueous Media

“…In both non-aqueous and aqueous media, the zinc cation in the composition of porphyrin macrocycles is in the oxidation state (II) and forms mono-axial ZnCP(L) complexes with strong organic bases, such as imidazole and its derivatives [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The data presented in Figure 4 indicate that complexation of Zn-porphyrin with the organic ligand results in the formation of 1:1 complexes (there is one family of spectral curves in the UV-Vis spectrum of the reaction system, Figure 4 a, and there is one step on the respective curves of spectrophotometric titration, Figure 4 b).…”

Tetrahomo corona[4]arene-based spirophanes: synthesis, structure, and properties

“…8 Despite fascinating development of the field, the structures of macrocyclic ditopic and multitopic hosts are limited. Most of the macrocyclic ditopic and multitopic hosts, 1–8 for instance, are constructed by connecting platform compounds such as crown ethers, 9 cyclodextrins, 10 calixarenes 11 and their analogs 12 using spacers or tethers. Macrocyclic spirophanes, spiro molecular structures which are composed of the same or different types of macrocycles, are very rare and they have remained largely unexplored.…”

“… 2 A plethora of ditopic and multitopic receptors consisting of functional macrocycles as binding sites have been reported. Tailor-made synthetic topologic hosts have found wide applications ranging from selective recognition of complex guests 3 and ion pairs, 4 fabrication of functional materials 5 and molecular machines, 6 structural and functional mimicking of enzymes 7 to supramolecular polymers. 8 Despite fascinating development of the field, the structures of macrocyclic ditopic and multitopic hosts are limited.…”

Sensing Ability of Zn-Tetraphenylporphyrin Langmuir-Schaefer Films

“…Molecular selfassembly is the formation process of a complex ordered supramolecular structure, in which the structure of "assembling" molecules remains almost unchanged [6][7][8][9][10]. The presence of functional groups of a certain nature makes it possible to obtain 2D and 3D structures with specified dimensions and properties [11][12][13][14]. In the works [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], authors give examples of such self-assembled structures obtained by Langmuir methods.…”