Macrocycle‐Based Porous Organic Polymers for Separation, Sensing, and Catalysis

Abstract

With the rapid development of materials science, porous organic polymers (POPs) have received remarkable attentions because of their unique properties such as the exceptionally high surface area and flexible molecular design. The ability to incorporate specific functions in a precise manner makes POPs promising platforms for a myriad of applications in molecular adsorption, separation, and catalysis. Therefore, many different types of POPs have been rationally designed and synthesized to expand the scope of advanced materials, endowing them with distinct structures and properties. Recently, supramolecular macrocycles with excellent host–guest complexation abilities are emerging as powerful crosslinkers for developing novel POPs with hierarchical structures and improved performance, which can be well‐organized at different spatial scales. Macrocycle‐based POPs could have unusual porous, adsorptive, and optical properties when compared to their nonmacrocycle‐incorporated counterparts. This cooperation provides valuable insights for the molecular‐level understanding of skeletal complexity and diversity. Here, the research advances of macrocycle‐based POPs are aptly summarized by showing their syntheses, properties, and applications in terms of separation, sensing, and catalysis. Finally, the current challenging issues in this exciting research field are delineated and a comprehensive outlook is offered for their future directions.

The order–disorder conundrum: a trade-off between crystalline and amorphous porous organic polymers for task-specific applications

“…In this context, amorphous POPs, such as hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), cavitand/macrocycle-based porous organic polymers, and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs), have been heavily explored. 101,[105][106][107] The sorption efficiency of the amorphous POPs is signicantly enhanced by incorporating various ionic or H-bonding functional groups, such as -COOH, -SO 3 H, and -COO À M + (M ¼ Ag, Li, etc. ), into the network through postsynthetic modications.…”

A Fluorescent Linear Conjugated Polymer Constructed from Pillararene and Anthracene

“…Compared with traditional flexible non-conjugated polymers and small conjugated molecules, conjugated polymers (CPs) containing rigid conjugated backbones have outstanding capability of light harvesting and energy transfer, favorable to the generation of luminescence, thus endowing widespread applications in electronic sensing devices, solar battery, and semiconductor materials [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Consequently, it is essential to work out facile and powerful strategies for obtaining promoted light-emitting CPs with high efficiency [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Green, Efficient Detection and Removal of Hg2+ by Water-Soluble Fluorescent Pillar[5]arene Supramolecular Self-Assembly

“…Among the various methods for Hg 2+ recognition, fluorescent self-assembled materials with advanced architectures and stimuli-responsive properties by the supramolecular host–guest interactions have attracted considerable interest [ 11 , 12 ]. They can sensitively and selectively detect targeted analytes with excellent simplicity and good efficiency [ 13 , 14 ].…”