Machine Learning Technology Reveals the Concealed Interactions of Phytohormones on Medicinal Plant In Vitro Organogenesis

Abstract

Organogenesis constitutes the biological feature driving plant in vitro regeneration, in which the role of plant hormones is crucial. The use of machine learning (ML) technology stands out as a novel approach to characterize the combined role of two phytohormones, the auxin indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on the in vitro organogenesis of unexploited medicinal plants from the Bryophyllum subgenus. The predictive model generated by neurofuzzy logic, a combination of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fuzzy logic algorithms, was able to reveal the critical factors affecting such multifactorial process over the experimental dataset collected. The rules obtained along with the model allowed to decipher that BAP had a pleiotropic effect on the Bryophyllum spp., as it caused different organogenetic responses depending on its concentration and the genotype, including direct and indirect shoot organogenesis and callus formation. On the contrary, IAA showed an inhibiting role, restricted to indirect shoot regeneration. In this work, neurofuzzy logic emerged as a cutting-edge method to characterize the mechanism of action of two phytohormones, leading to the optimization of plant tissue culture protocols with high large-scale biotechnological applicability.

Induction of Callogenesis, Organogenesis, and Embryogenesis in Non-Meristematic Explants of Bleeding Heart and Evaluation of Chemical Diversity of Key Metabolites from Callus

“…On the contrary, IAA showed an inhibiting role in callus and somatic embryo formation, which stimulates adventitious shoot regeneration. Similar results were reported by García-Pérez et al [12] with the Bryophyllum subgenus. Auxin NAA enhanced root formation (data not shown), which coincides with the previous findings with a bleeding heart [9].…”

“…During this process, specialized cells lose their differentiated character and rejuvenate into a 'stem cell-like state' that confers a pluripotential [11]. In vitro culture conditions, especially medium supplementation with plant growth regulators (PGRs) and explant type, play an essential role in this process [12].…”

Exploring the Use of Bryophyllum as Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity to Prevent Lipid Oxidation of Fish Oil-In-Water Emulsions

“…Such compound heterogeneity found in the extracts make difficult the attribution of the antioxidant activity to discrete compounds. Thus, in this work we determined the antioxidant activity of full extracts, because mixtures of individual antioxidants may show synergistic or antagonistic effects, making them impossible to quantify [ 40 ]. Evidence of these effects was already pointed out by other authors, showing both synergistic and antagonistic effects against polyphenols in multicomponent systems, mostly due to the regeneration mechanisms that occur between antioxidants, through the formation of stable intermolecular complexes [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Brassinosteroid Signaling Converges With Auxin-Mediated C3H17 to Regulate Xylem Formation in Populus

“…The crosstalk of BRs and auxin plays crucial roles in many aspects of plant growth and development, such as cell elongation, organ pattern formation, and vascular development (Woodward and Bartel, 2005;Altmann et al, 2020). For instance, SMOS1 and SMOS2/DLT integrate auxin and BR signalings to regulate lamina joint bending in rice (Hirano et al, 2017).…”

“…PdC3H17 was demonstrated to promote xylem formation at least in part by the control of auxin signaling pathway in our previous study (Tang et al, 2020). Multiple auxin and BR signaling components physically interact with each other and synergistically affect various physiological processes, such as cell elongation and division, vascular differentiation, and root development (Bao et al, 2004;Woodward and Bartel, 2005). Therefore, we hypothesized that the altered sensitivities of PdC3H17DR and PdC3H17OE plants to auxin during xylem formation might be related to C3H17's impact on BR signaling.…”