MAC Protocol-Based Depth Adjustment and Splitting Mechanism for UnderWater Sensor Network (UWSN)

Ammar, Mohamed; Ibrahimi, Khalil; Jouhari, Mohammed; Ben‐Othman, Jalel

doi:10.1109/glocom.2018.8647644

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, some of the underwater sensor nodes disappeared from the UWSN during data transmission. Ammar et al proposed a MAC-based protocol that uses depth adjustment and splitting mechanism based on the greedy approach [16]. Their proposed protocol solved the problem of isolated nodes and thus improved the lifetime of the network.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

et al. 2021

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Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) gained the attention of researchers due to their substantial applications in various fields. The major application areas of UWSN are environmental monitoring, underwater oil and gas extraction and military surveillance, smart farming, communication, and others. However, UWSNs are also prone to significant issues, such as limited network lifetime, the low processing capability of nodes, high energy consumption to run routing protocols, and difficult node replacement. Therefore, enhancing the lifetime of UWSN by reducing energy consumption and processing is a research issue. In this research, we proposed the IoT enabled depth base routing method (IDBR) to utilize energy efficiently. The performance of the proposed IDBR method is compared with conventional DBR protocol using simulation conducting in MATLAB. The performance of both the methods (i.e., IDBR and DBR) is evaluated in network energy consumption, the number of alive nodes, sink utilization, and end-to-end delay. The simulation-based experiment results show that IDBR consumes 27.7% less energy and increases network stability than the DBR. Similarly, the utilization of the surface sinks in IDBR is more as compared to DBR as in IDBR, and sinks work as relay forward data to the base station without processing which increases the power of field nodes. The proposed mechanism improves the network’s lifetime and increases the accessibility and security of the sensed data.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

et al. 2021

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“…However, the propagation speed of underwater acoustic waves is approximately 1500 m/s [19], resulting in large propagation latency for underwater networking services. In addition, energy efficiency has also been a major design concern for UWSNs due to the high communication energy cost [20] and the limited energy [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anypath Routing Protocol Design via Q-Learning for Underwater Sensor Networks

Zhou

Cao

Xiang

2020

Preprint

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As a promising technology in the Internet of Underwater Things, underwater sensor networks have drawn a widespread attention from both academia and industry. However, designing a routing protocol for underwater sensor networks is a great challenge due to high energy consumption and large latency in the underwater environment. This paper proposes a Qlearning-based localization-free anypath routing (QLFR) protocol to prolong the lifetime as well as reduce the end-to-end delay for underwater sensor networks. Aiming at optimal routing policies, the Q-value is calculated by jointly considering the residual energy and depth information of sensor nodes throughout the routing process. More specifically, we define two reward functions (i.e., depth-related and energy-related rewards) for Q-learning with the objective of reducing latency and extending network lifetime. In addition, a new holding time mechanism for packet forwarding is designed according to the priority of forwarding candidate nodes. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis is presented to analyze the performance of the proposed routing protocol. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the superiority performance of the proposed routing protocol in terms of the end-to-end delay and the network lifetime.Index Terms-Q-learning, anypath routing protocol, holding time mechanism, underwater sensor networks, Internet of underwater things.

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“…The multichannel solution is used in Ammar et al 21 to overcome the problem of collision between nodes transmitting at the same time to the same next-hop forwarder. Additionally, splitting mechanism based on the Chinese remainder theorem in other studies, 21,22 such as the original packet is divided and sent to multiple neighbors to distribute the forwarding task between many forwarders to avoid drain energy. Signaling game is employed as a mathematical tool to studies the interaction between multiple underwater sensor nodes to share their free TDMA slots between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolated nodes without connection (direct or indirect) with any sonobuoys could increase their transmission range by increasing their transmission power or change their depth to reach some connected nodes. The multichannel solution is used in Ammar et al to overcome the problem of collision between nodes transmitting at the same time to the same next‐hop forwarder. Additionally, splitting mechanism based on the Chinese remainder theorem in other studies, such as the original packet is divided and sent to multiple neighbors to distribute the forwarding task between many forwarders to avoid drain energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling game approach to improve the MAC protocol in the underwater wireless sensor networks

Jouhari

Ibrahimi

Tembiné

et al. 2019

Int J Communication

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Summary Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are instructed for critical applications like military surveillance and underwater oil spills that conducted in a very massive three‐dimensional (3‐D) space that needs many underwater nodes (UNs) to cover the target area. Those UNs are not easy to recharge and cannot exploit solar power. MAC protocols deployed for UWSN ought to consider the energy efficiency, so as, to extend the network lifetime with total connectivity and significant throughput. Terrestrial MAC protocols could not be used for UWSN due to long and unpredictable propagation delay. Consequently, the development of a new MAC protocol for the harsh environment as underwater is a challenging task. In this study, we focus on the deployment of TDMA in UWSN for this, two schemes entitled TDMA slot sharing (TSS) and free time slots reallocation (FTSR) are proposed. Received data stored in the buffer waiting for processing and forwarding might lead to an unlimited data transfer latency those results in the buffer overflow. Otherwise, free time slots appearing during the communication process resulting from dead nodes increase uselessly sleep time for the rest of the nodes. Both schemes based on signaling game are proposed to overcome those problems, TSS is used to enable the slot sharing between UNs during the communication process to reduce the buffer overflow. FTSR scheme aims to increase the throughput of UNs by allowing the reuse of free time slots. Numerical results conducted in this work show good improvement in the network performance concerning throughput.

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MAC Protocol-Based Depth Adjustment and Splitting Mechanism for UnderWater Sensor Network (UWSN)

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Anypath Routing Protocol Design via Q-Learning for Underwater Sensor Networks

Signaling game approach to improve the MAC protocol in the underwater wireless sensor networks

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