LYSINE, METHIONINE AND TRYPTOPHAN CONTENT OF MICROORGANISMS I.
            <scp>Bacteria</scp>

Anderson, Ronald D.; Rhodes, R. A.; Nelson, George E.; Shekleton, Margaret C.; Barreto, Albert; Arnold, Margie

doi:10.1128/jb.76.2.131-135.1958

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The lysine and DAP content of meningopneumonitis particles was determined by microbiological assay of acid-hydrolyzed samples of three representative preparations. Lysine accounted for 3.9% of the total protein, a level similar to that found in bacteria by Anderson et al (1958). DAP was not present in significant amounts.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Diaminopimelic Acid Decarboxylase of the Agent of Meningopneumonitis

1963

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Evidence is presented for the presence in meningopneumonitis particles and extracts of an enzyme decarboxylating a, Ediaminopimelic acid to lysine and for the absence of a corresponding enzyme in the uninfected host. Properties of the enzyme are described and compared with those of bacterial diaminopimelic acid decarboxylases. The significance of these observations with respect to the mode of lysine biosynthesis in the psittacosis group and to its phylogenetic origin is pointed out. Bader and MIorgan (1958) observed that lysine is not required for multiplication of the 6BC strain of psittacosis agent in L cells, although this amino acid is a constituent of the agent (Ross and Gogolak, 1957) and is necessary for growth of the L cells themselves (Eagle, 1955). This suggested that members of the psittacosis group may synthesize their own lysine via a, E-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as do bacteria (Dewey and Work, 1952; Davis, 1952). This hypothesis was tested by examining concentrated suspensions of the agent of meningopneumonitis, a typical member of the psittacosis group and also known to contain lysine (Jenkin, 1960), for diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase (Dewey, Hoare, and Work, 1954), the enzyme catalyzing the final step in the bacterial synthesis of DAP. The search was facilitated by the absence of this enzyme in the chick embryo host.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Diaminopimelic Acid Decarboxylase of the Agent of Meningopneumonitis

1963

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“…The resulting protein could have higher nutritive value for the rabbit than the nitrogen sources from which it was synthesized. Although many of the proteins of rabbit feeds have a low lysine content (Block & Weiss, 1956), micro-organisms have a relatively high lysine content (Anderson, Rhodes, Nelson, Shekleton, Barreto & Arnold, 1958;Bigwood, 1963). Such enhancement of the biological value of dietary N by microbial synthesis would be analogous to that occurring in ruminants (McNaught, Smith, Henry & Kon, 1950), and would at least partly explain why prevention of coprophagy reduces protein utilization in the rabbit (Thacker & Brandt, 1955).…”

Section: Efsects Of Microjlora On Digestion In Rabbits 733mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of digestion in germ-free and conventional rabbits

et al. 1968

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I. Germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) rabbits wearing collars to prevent coprophagy were fed an autoclaved diet with added cellulose. Their faecal excretion was analysed to determine nutrient digestibility. 2.Clearly distinguishable hard faeces were excreted by the GF rabbit only if the diet contained at least 15 yo cellulose. Unlike CV rabbits, the GF rabbits did not consume their soft faeces even when permitted to do so. Soft faeces made up a larger proportion of the total output of GF than of CV rabbits. Food intake and total dry-matter excretion per kg body-weight were similar in both groups. 3.Although digestibility of dry matter was similar in the two groups, in the GF rabbits there was a higher digestibility of crude fat and true protein and a lower digestibility of crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract. GF rabbits excreted a higher percentage of ingested calcium and phosphorus in the urine than did CV rabbits.4. The results suggest that intestinal microbes, even without the enhancing effect of coprophagy, aid in the digestion of carbohydrate by rabbits. The greater faecal excretion of crude fat and true protein by CV rabbits could result from poorer digestion and absorption, but could also represent nutrients synthesized by microbes from simpler materials. The reingestion of faecal crude fat and true protein might therefore improve the quality of the total nutrient intake. The results suggest ways of assuring an adequate dietary intake by GF rabbits in the absence of contributions from an intestinal microflora.It has been reported that rabbits excrete both hard and soft faeces with virtually complete consumption of the soft type (Morot, 1882; Madsen, 1939;Taylor, 1939Taylor, , 1940Taylor, , 1941; Eden 1 9 4 0~; Southern, 1940Southern, , 1942 Olsen & Madsen, 1944; Harder, 1949; Thacker & Brandt, 1955;Kandatsu, Yoshihara & Yoshida, 1959 al. 1965) found that a diet (L-477) containing mostly inorganic iron produced anaemia in G F rabbits although it was adequate for normal haemoglobin formation in conventional (CV) rabbits. Except for this one mineral, no comparison has been made of the digestibility of nutrients in G F and CV rabbits. Only a few studies have been reported on the digestibility of the major nutrients in other G F species (Luckey, 1963;Evrard, Hoet, Eyssen, Charlier & Sacquet, 1964). Stern, HukoviC & Fukarek (1955) reported that in CV rabbits treated orally with antibiotic the rise in blood sugar after a meal of oats was slower than normal. This suggested that the rabbit as a species might have become relatively deficient in carbohydrases after it had evolved an elaborate interrelationship with its intestinal microbiota. A comparison of the digestibility of the major nutrients in G F and CV rabbits could help to explain the role of micro-organisms in the nutritional economy of this species.The present study was therefore undertaken (I) to determine if the G F rabbit excretes two kinds of faeces, and whether it re-ingests any of its faeces; (2) to determine by analysis of faeces the appare...

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“…Lysine, methionine, and tryptophan contents of bacteria and of yeasts have been reported in previous papers of this series (Anderson et al, 1958;Nelson et al, 1960). The investigations were undertaken to examine the feasibility of using microorganisms as sources of amino acids for the supplementation of feeds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our survey revealed several microorganisms that contained lysine to the extent of 10 per cent or more of their "protein" (6.25 X N): Bacillus megaterium, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Sarcina flava, Sarcina ureae, 1961] and Staphylococcus aureus (Anderson et al, 1958); Brettanomyces schanderlii (Nelson et al, 1960), and the mold Absidia orchidis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%