Lysine, Methionine, and Tryptophan Content of Microorganisms

Rhodes, R. A.; Hall, H. H.; Anderson, R. F.; Nelson, George E.; Shekleton, Margaret C.; Jackson, R. W.

doi:10.1128/aem.9.3.181-184.1961

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The essential amino acid content of the fungal protein is similar to soybean meal and has a relatively low methionine content (figure 1). Most yeasts (Nelson et al, 1960) and fungi (Rhodes et al, 1961) are deficient in the sulfur-containing amino acids. Studies with growing pigs using hydrocarbon-grown yeast indicated that with methionine supplementation the yeast protein produced results similar to that of high-quality fish meal-cereal based diets (Barber et al, 1971).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Protein Produced on Cassava for Growing Rats and Pigs

Santos

Gomez

1983

Journal of Animal Science

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This research is a nutritional assessment of a fungal (Aspergillus fumigatus 1-21A) single-cell protein (SCP) that was fed to rats and pigs. The sun-dried biomass resulted from fermentation of either fresh roots or cassava meal substrates and had the following percentage composition: crude protein (N x 6.25), 34.3; ether extract, 3.1; crude fiber, 20.0 ash, 4.3; N-free extract, 27.9; Ca, .20 and P, .79. The gross energy was 4,260 cal/g. An initial biological evaluation based on protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) methods was conducted using 70 growing rats. Growth responses in rats fed the dried product were similar to those produced by the casein control, provided the biomass was supplemented with DL-methionine. During the growing-finishing period (15.8 to 95.0 kg), pigs were given one of the following experimental diets: 1) control, sorghum + soybean meal (SBM), 2) cassava meal (CM) + SBM + .3% DL-methionine, 3) CM + SCP and 4) CM + SCP + .3% DL-methionine. Diets were calculated to supply 16 and 13% crude protein for the growing (15.8 to 50 kg) and finishing (50 to 95 kg) periods, respectively. The pigs fed the diet based on SCP without any methionine took longer (P<.05) to reach market weight and had poorer (P<.05) feed conversion than pigs fed the other diets. Supplementation with DL-methionine improved (P<.05) the nutritive quality of the fungal protein and the results were comparable to those obtained with diets based on SBM. The use of SCP as a total substitute for SBM did not affect the normal physical condition of the animals. (

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Protein Produced on Cassava for Growing Rats and Pigs

Santos

Gomez

1983

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The primary byproducts of interest in these research studies were fungal biomass (e.g., protein), extracellular enzymes and biochemicals (e.g., lactic acid), and chitin/chitosan. In sterile nutrient medium, the fungal biomass of R. oligosporus consisted of 3% chitosan and 40% protein; moreover, the main amino acid of concern for animal feed, lysine, was 4% of the biomass (Rhodes et al, 1961;Tan et al, 1996). In addition to growing biomass, fungi make and excrete a wide array of biochemicals and enzymes, which are effective in degrading complex carbohydrates (van Leeuwen et al, 2003).…”

Section: Fungal Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are also known to produce α-amylase . Under aseptic conditions in a nutrient medium, R. oligosporus was reported to produce a 3% yield of chitosan (Tan et al, 1996), as well as 4 and 40% yields of lysine and protein, respectively (Rhodes et al, 1961). R. oligosporus was successfully cultivated on both wheat milling and corn wet-milling streams, achieving significant reductions in COD of up to 80-90% Jin et al, , 1999Jin et al, a-f, 2001a.…”

Section: Research On Alternative Antibacterial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing dry-grind corn ethanol production with fungal cultivation and ozonation

Rasmussen

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Dry-grind corn ethanol plants, the backbone of a rapidly expanding biofuel industry, generate copious amounts of stillage, the leftovers from fermentation followed by distillation. Most thin stillage is currently concentrated by flash evaporation-an energy-intensive process-blended with distillers grains, and dried to produce distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Thin stillage is generated in pasteurized condition and is rich in nutrients, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 100 g/L. The initial pH of 4 and high organic content make it an ideal feedstock for fungal cultivation. This research cultivated the food-grade fungus Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus on thin stillage from a local dry-grind corn ethanol plant. Batch experiments in 5-and 50-L stirred bioreactors showed prolific fungal growth under non-sterile conditions. COD, glycerol, and organic acids 65 removals, critical for in-plant water reuse, reached 80, 100, and 100%, respectively, within 5 d of fungal inoculation. The initial 20-30 g/L suspended solids decreased to nearly non-detectable levels, enabling effluent recycle as process water. The fungus contains 2% lysine and 2% methionine (corn contains 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively) and 43% crude protein, enhancing the nutritional value as a poultry and livestock feed. With minimal pretreatment, the fungal biomass could be co-fed with distillers grains to nonruminants-swine and poultry. Avoiding water evaporation from thin stillage would save substantial energy inputs in corn ethanol plants.

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Fungal Treatment of Crop Processing Wastewaters with Value-Added Co-Products

Leeuwen

Rasmussen

Sankaran

et al. 2011

Green Energy and Technology

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Conventional biological wastewater treatment generates large amounts of low-value bacterial biomass. The treatment and disposal of this excess bacterial biomass accounts for about 40-60% of wastewater treatment plant operational costs. A different form of biomass with a higher value could significantly change the economics of wastewater treatment. Fungi could offer this benefit over bacteria in selected wastewater treatment processes. The biomass produced during fungal wastewater treatment has, potentially, a much higher value than that from the bacterial activated sludge process. The fungi can be used as a protein source and to derive valuable biochemicals. Various high-value biochemicals are produced by commercial cultivation of fungi under aseptic conditions using expensive substrates. Food processing wastewater is an attractive alternative as a source of low-cost organic matter and nutrients to produce fungi with concomitant wastewater purification. This chapter summarizes various findings in fungal wastewater treatment, particularly focusing on creating new byproducts. This chapter also provides an overview on performance of fungal treatment systems under various operational conditions. Important factors such as pH, temperature, hydraulic and solids retention time, nonaxenic and axenic operation, bacterial contamination and others that affect the fungal treatment system are discussed. The work described

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Lysine, Methionine, and Tryptophan Content of Microorganisms

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Fungal Protein Produced on Cassava for Growing Rats and Pigs

Fungal Protein Produced on Cassava for Growing Rats and Pigs

Enhancing dry-grind corn ethanol production with fungal cultivation and ozonation

Fungal Treatment of Crop Processing Wastewaters with Value-Added Co-Products

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