Lymphoproliferative disorders of the ocular adnexa

Jl, Tovilla-Canales; Jl, Tovilla y Pomar; Ceron,

doi:10.1097/01.icu.0000139302.16648.80

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study, there was an equal distribution between the males and females; and, consistent with other studies, ocular adnexal lymphoma was primarily MALT lymphoma, localized in the orbit, 11,12,16,21,22 whereas intraocular lymphomas were predominantly high-grade lymphomas. [23][24][25][26] More than 80% of the patients had the first presentation of disease in the ocular region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increasing Incidence of Ophthalmic Lymphoma in Denmark from 1980 to 2005

Sjö

Ralfkiær

Prause

et al. 2008

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increasing Incidence of Ophthalmic Lymphoma in Denmark from 1980 to 2005

Sjö

Ralfkiær

Prause

et al. 2008

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…94,95 Adnexal MALT lymphomas have been described in the context of chronic conjunctivitis, and particularly "inclusion conjunctivitis," which can be associated with Chlamydia infection. 96,97 The presence of Chlamydia psittaci DNA in biopsy material and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with ocular adnexal lymphomas 94 was demonstrated by targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and C psittaci DNA was detected in 80% of ocular adnexal lymphoma samples. In some patients, antimicrobial treatment with doxycycline was associated with a clinical response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection-associated lymphomas derived from marginal zone B cells: a model of antigen-driven lymphoproliferation

Suarez

2006

Blood

399

296

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IntroductionThe geographic heterogeneity in the incidence of B-cell nonHodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) suggests that environmental factors such as infections might have a role in lymphomagenesis. 1,2 Because of the inherent genetic instability of lymphocytes, lymphoid proliferation increases the risk of transformation, and sustained activation of the lymphoid system, which can be observed during chronic infection, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity, constitutes a risk factor for lymphomas. [3][4][5] Congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies associated with HIV infection and solid organ or hematopoietic transplantation increase the risk of developing B-cell NHLs. 6,7 Similarly, Sjögren syndrome and other autoimmune conditions are also associated with an increased risk of lymphomas. 8,9 Certain types of lymphomas are associated with specific microbial infections, and infection-associated lymphomas currently fall in diverse histopathologic categories (Table 1). 10 Infections may contribute to lymphomagenesis by promoting favorable conditions for lymphocyte transformation, such a increased proliferation or decreased apoptosis of lymphoid cells. 11 Direct lymphocyte transformation by a given microbial agent is the simplest scenario accounting for infection-associated lymphomas. Lymphotropic transforming viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and human Tlymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) directly infect a subset of lymphoid cells in which they express viral oncogenes. [12][13][14] An alternative scenario to direct transformation of lymphocytes has more recently emerged for microbial species associated with lymphomas but that do not directly infect or transform lymphoid cells. They have in common the ability to persist chronically in host tissues and trigger a sustained lymphoid proliferation, giving a selective advantage to lymphoid clones that still remain dependent upon antigen stimulation. 15,16 According to this model, the microbial pathogen is neither intrinsically transforming nor oncogenic, but can be viewed as a chronic source of antigens increasing the proliferative rate of lymphoid effectors, hence fueling the transformation process. This model has emerged with the description of several lymphomas developing in the context of chronic antigen-dependent immune stimulation, among which H pylori-associated gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the best characterized 15,17,18 (Figure 1). Precise elucidation of the mechanisms underlying this "indirect" lymphomagenesis as well as completion of the inventory of the microbial species driving these antigen-dependent lymphoproliferations may provide important clues for their early diagnosis and the rationalization of the therapeutic interventions for this subtype of lymphomas.This group of lymphomas often involves extranodal sitesnormally devoid of organized lymphoid tissue-and manifests initially as indolent low-grade proliferations, reminiscent of the normal lymphoid hyperplasia driven by a physiologic antigenic stimulation....

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“…In ocular adnexa, OAML has been described in the context of chronic conjunctivitis, which can be associated with Chlamydia infection [9]. Ferreri…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association between Chlamydophila psittaci and Ocular Adnexal MALT Lymphoma in Korean Patients—Is the Geographic or Genetic Difference Significant?

Cho

Lee

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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Clamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci) has been proposed to be an etiologic factor in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in the ocular adnexa. However, the pathogenetical significance of the infection has not been fully elucidated. Many previous studies have shown controversial results regarding C. psittaci detection rates in said patients, ranging from 0 to 87%. We investigated the presence of C. psittaci in a single institutional cohort (n = 150) of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (OAML) patients in Korea. We tried to exclude the methodological biases derived from the different primer sets in polymerase chain reaction-based studies. For that reason, we applied five sets of primers, including four previously reported and one newly designed primer set. There was no case of C. psittaci-positive OAML in repeated trials validated with appropriate positive and negative controls. All 150 cases showed negative results with five primer sets. These results suggest that the pathogenetic role of C. psittaci in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma might have been overestimated to date, at least in the Korean population. Therefore, the molecular diagnosis of C. psittaci is considered a very low priority.

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Lymphoproliferative disorders of the ocular adnexa

Abstract: Recent studies demonstrated that ocular adnexal lymphomas may be masked by a number of different diseases and clinical features. Prognosis depends on the stage and histology of lymphoma as well as the location.

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Increasing Incidence of Ophthalmic Lymphoma in Denmark from 1980 to 2005

Increasing Incidence of Ophthalmic Lymphoma in Denmark from 1980 to 2005

Infection-associated lymphomas derived from marginal zone B cells: a model of antigen-driven lymphoproliferation

Lack of Association between Chlamydophila psittaci and Ocular Adnexal MALT Lymphoma in Korean Patients—Is the Geographic or Genetic Difference Significant?

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