Lymphocyte enzymatic antioxidant responses to oxidative stress following high-intensity interval exercise

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the immune and oxidative stress responses following high-intensity interval training (HIIT); 2) determine changes in antioxidant enzyme gene expression and enzyme activity in lymphocytes following HIIT; and 3) assess pre-HIIT, 3-h post-HIIT, and 24-h post-HIIT lymphocyte cell viability following hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro. Eight recreationally active males completed three identical HIIT protocols. Blood samples were obtained at preexercise, immediately postexercise, 3 h postexercise, and 24 h postexercise. Total number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as lymphocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, gene expression, cell viability (CV), and plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, were measured. Analytes were compared using a three (day) × four (time) ANOVA with repeated measures on both day and time. The a priori significance level for all analyses was P < 0.05. Significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were observed in lymphocytes following HIIT. No significant increases in lymphocyte SOD, CAT, or GPX gene expression were found. A significant increase in TBARS was found immediately post-HIIT on days 1 and 2. Lymphocyte CV in vitro significantly increased on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CV at 3 h compared with pre- and 24 h postexercise. These findings indicate lymphocytes respond to oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, HIIT causes oxidative stress but did not induce a significant postexercise lymphocytopenia. Analyses in vitro suggest that lymphocytes may become more resistant to subsequent episodes of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the analysis in vitro confirms that lymphocytes are more vulnerable to cytotoxic molecules during recovery from exercise.

An Investigation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities from Blood Components of Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis)

“…This is consistent with previous reports that reported that the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were increased in the human lymphocytes when induced by oxidative stress [29]. Another indication about the peptides in crude leukocyte extracts from C. siamensis as described by Theansungnoen et al [30], who reported the antioxidant activity was observed in two peptides i.e.…”

No effect of antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and blood redox status adaptations to eccentric training

“…However, concentrations of TBARS and protein carbonyls have been repeatedly shown to consistently increase after exercise in many studies from our group and from other groups (23,31,32). In addition, it has been found that concentrations of TBARS and protein carbonyls followed similar changes to F 2 -isoprostane concentrations (nowadays considered the reference method) after chronic muscle-damaging exercise (33).…”

The effect of exercise-induced hypoxemia on blood redox status in well-trained rowers

“…Although this may be considered as a limitation of the present work, yet many studies from our and other research groups (Fisher et al 2011;Nikolaidis et al 2007Nikolaidis et al , 2008 have repeatedly shown that TBARS concentrations have been consistently increasing after exercise. In addition, it has been found that TBARS concentrations followed similar changes to F2-isoprostane concentrations (currently considered the reference method) after exercise (Margonis et al 2007).…”