An Investigation of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities from Blood Components of Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis)

Abstract

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were found from Crocodylus siamensis (C. siamensis) blood. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and linoleic peroxidation assays were used to investigate the antioxidant activities of the crocodile blood. Results show that crocodile blood components had antioxidant activity, especially hemoglobin (40.58 % nitric oxide radical inhibition), crude leukocyte extract (78 % linoleic peroxidation inhibition) and plasma (57.27 % hydroxyl radical inhibition). Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of the crocodile blood was studied using murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) as a model. The results show that hemoglobin, crude leukocyte extract and plasma were not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells. Also they showed anti-inflammatory activity by reduced nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) productions from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. The NO inhibition percentages of hemoglobin, crude leukocyte extract and plasma were 31.9, 48.24 and 44.27 %, respectively. However, only crude leukocyte extract could inhibit IL-6 production. So, the results of this research directly indicate that hemoglobin, crude leukocyte extract and plasma of C. siamensis blood provide both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which could be used as a supplementary agent in pharmaceutical products.

Exploring three different expression systems for recombinant expression of globins: Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris and Spodoptera frugiperda

“…An example of a globin that has been successfully expressed in P.pastoris is the Crocodylus siamensis hemoglobin. This crocodile Hb displays potent antibacterial and anti-inflammation activity, as well as strong antioxidant properties [33][34][35]. Furthermore, it comprises six cysteine residues in the α-globin chain and three cysteine residues in the β-globin chain [35].…”

Antitumor activity of RT2 peptide derived from crocodile leukocyte peptide on human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice

“…The bioactive compounds of crocodile ( Crocodylus siamensis ) were found in blood components (leukocyte, hemoglobin, serum, and plasma), oil, and bile. These compounds have several activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and wound healing properties . Crocodile leukocyte extracts (WBCex) are a blood component that has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and induces human cervical cancer HeLa cell death involving both caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent pathways .…”

Double gene targeting multiplex PCR-RFLP detects Crocodylus porosus in chicken meatball and traditional medicine

“…[7] While crocodiles are mostly reared for their valuable skins, its meat and blood are valuable by-products for human consumption in exotic foods, [8] tonic medicines [9] and cosmetics. [10] Besides having antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, [11] certain crocodile products, such as blood, are consumed as asthma remedy. [12] Additionally, crocodile products possess good antiaging characteristics, [10] reduce skin irritation, heal wounds [13] and hinder human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in-vitro.…”