Lymphatic filariasis elimination and schistosomiasis control in combination with onchocerciasis control in Nigeria.

Hopkins, Donald R.; Eigege, Abel; Miri, Emmanuel S.; Gontor, Ibrahim; Ogah, Gladys; Umaru, John; Gwomkudu, Chuwang C; Mathai, Wanjira; Jinadu, M. Y.; Amadiegwu, Stanley; Oyenekan, O. Kehinde; Korve, Kenneth; Richards, Frank O.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.67.266

Cited by 71 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that these preventive control measures are still often neglected in Nigeria. Indeed, effective control measures have been demonstrated in very limited areas such as in Plateau and Nasarawa states in northcentral Nigeria (Hopkins et al, 2002;Njepuome et al, 2009). Thus the endemic foci documented in this analysis are still relevant for control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mapping and prediction of schistosomiasis in Nigeria using compiled survey data and Bayesian geospatial modelling

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Schistosomiasis prevalence data for Nigeria were extracted from peer-reviewed journals and reports, geo-referenced and collated in a nationwide geographical information system database for the generation of point prevalence maps. This exercise revealed that the disease is endemic in 35 of the country's 36 states, including the federal capital territory of Abuja, and found in 462 unique locations out of 833 different survey locations. Schistosoma haematobium, the predominant species in Nigeria, was found in 368 locations (79.8%) covering 31 states, S. mansoni in 78 (16.7%) locations in 22 states and S. intercalatum in 17 (3.7%) locations in two states. S. haematobium and S. mansoni were found to be co-endemic in 22 states, while co-occurrence of all three species was only seen in one state (Rivers). The average prevalence for each species at each survey location varied between 0.5% and 100% for S. haematobium, 0.2% to 87% for S. mansoni and 1% to 10% for S. intercalatum. The estimated prevalence of S. haematobium, based on Bayesian geospatial predictive modelling with a set of bioclimatic variables, ranged from 0.2% to 75% with a mean prevalence of 23% for the country as a whole (95% confidence interval (CI): 22.8-23.1%). The model suggests that the mean temperature, annual precipitation and soil acidity significantly influence the spatial distribution. Prevalence estimates, adjusted for school-aged children in 2010, showed that the prevalence is <10% in most states with a few reaching as high as 50%. It was estimated that 11.3 million children require praziquantel annually (95% CI: 10.3-12.2 million).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mapping and prediction of schistosomiasis in Nigeria using compiled survey data and Bayesian geospatial modelling

et al. 2013

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“…Of the 11 policy options recommended by the LF policy brief group, only 5 were accepted after the evidence synthesis. [51][52][53][54][55][56] These included the following: (i) Establishment of a standard protocol for diagnosis for LF; (ii) Vector control; (iii) Community directed distribution of long lasting insecticide treated bed-net (LLN) and Mectizan (Mass chemotherapy)/health education; (iv) Integrated control policy (onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and LF); and (v) Establishment of policy monitoring/evaluation (feedback mechanism)/with training and capacity building. The remaining options were rejected because of absence of sufficient evidence (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Capacity of Policy-Makers to Develop Evidence-Informed Policy Brief on Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Nigeria

Uneke

Ezeoha

Uro-Chukwu

et al. 2015

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Background: The lack of effective use of research evidence in policy-making is a major challenge in most low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is need to package research data into effective policy tools that will help policy-makers to make evidence-informed policy regarding infectious diseases of poverty (IDP). The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of training workshops and mentoring to enhance the capacity of Nigerian health policy-makers to develop evidence-informed policy brief on the control of IDP. Methods: A modified "before and after" intervention study design was used in which outcomes were measured on the target participants both before the intervention is implemented and after. A 4-point Likert scale according to the degree of adequacy; 1 = "grossly inadequate, " 4 = "very adequate" was employed. The main parameter measured was participants' perceptions of their own knowledge/understanding. This study was conducted at subnational level and the participants were the career health policy-makers drawn from Ebonyi State in the South-Eastern Nigeria. A oneday evidence-to-policy workshop was organized to enhance the participants' capacity to develop evidence-informed policy brief on IDP in Ebonyi State. Topics covered included collaborative initiative; preparation and use of policy briefs; policy dialogue; ethics in health policy-making; and health policy and politics. Results: The preworkshop mean of knowledge and capacity ranged from 2.49-3.03, while the postworkshop mean ranged from 3.42-3.78 on 4-point scale. The percentage increase in mean of knowledge and capacity at the end of the workshop ranged from 20.10%-45%. Participants were divided into 3 IDP mentorship groups (malaria, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis [LF]) and were mentored to identify potential policy options/recommendations for control of the diseases for the policy briefs. These policy options were subjected to research evidence synthesis by each group to identify the options that have the support of research evidence (mostly systematic reviews) from PubMed, Cochrane database and Google Scholar. After the evidence synthesis, five policy options were selected out of 13 for malaria, 3 out of 10 for schistosomiasis and 5 out of 11 for LF. Conclusion:The outcome suggests that an evidence-to-policy capacity enhancement workshop combined with a mentorship programme can improve policy-makers' capacity for evidence-informed policy-making (EIP). Implications for policy makers• Policy-makers need to have access to the right information on infectious diseases of poverty (IDP) at the right time to inform decisions that draw on the evidence of what works. There are numerous reports which have shown that the availability of timely, suitably packaged and policy relevant research evidence is important in supporting increased use of research evidence in the policy processes. • Policy-makers' knowledge and capacity to develop evidence-informed policy materials such as policy briefs can be enhanced via evidence-top...

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“…In the meantime, reductions in morbidity and mortality can be achieved through mass treatment programs, similar to those in place for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. 6,7 Treatment of intestinal helminths has been shown to have beneficial effects on growth and nutrition, child mortality, and school performance. [8][9][10] The most recently published World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (2006) recommend treatment of all schoolaged children (SAC) twice a year in communities where the prevalence of infection exceeds 50% in a sample of SAC, and once a year if the prevalence is 20-50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 The use of annual IV distribution to prevent morbidity caused by onchocerciasis began in Imo state, Nigeria, in 1993 and reached statewide in 1995 following a national onchocereciasis assessment survey that showed high prevalence of onchocerciasis throughout much of southeastern Nigeria. 6,25 This program was begun as a combined effort of the State Ministry of Health, the Lions Clubs, and the River Blindness Foundation. For a time it also received support from the African Program for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths

Gutman

Emukah²,

Okpala³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We evaluated the effect of annual ivermectin (IV) distribution for onchocerciasis on the prevalence of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in school-aged (SAC) and preschool-aged (PAC) children by comparing children in villages that had received treatment for 13 years to those from socioeconomically similar villages in untreated areas. We enrolled 1,031 SAC and 211 PAC for Kato Katz examinations. Treated areas had a lower prevalence of Ascaris (SAC: 3% versus 12%, P < 0.0001; PAC: 3% versus 10%, P < 0.051) and Trichuris (SAC: 6% versus 10%, P = 0.012; PAC: 1% versus 8%, P = 0.019), but not hookworm (SAC: 38% versus 42%, P = 0.20; PAC: 21% versus 27%, P = 0.30). The prevalence of Ascaris or Trichuris in treated areas was below the WHO threshold for mass antihelminthic treatment (MDA), but not for hookworm. We conclude that benzimidazole MDA in IV treatment areas is indicated to effectively control hookworm.

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Lymphatic filariasis elimination and schistosomiasis control in combination with onchocerciasis control in Nigeria.

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

Mapping and prediction of schistosomiasis in Nigeria using compiled survey data and Bayesian geospatial modelling

Mapping and prediction of schistosomiasis in Nigeria using compiled survey data and Bayesian geospatial modelling

Enhancing the Capacity of Policy-Makers to Develop Evidence-Informed Policy Brief on Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Nigeria

Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths

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