“…This organization, which was created in the early 2000 to monitor acts of racism and discrimination against Muslims in French public life, has been instrumental in putting the language of Islamophobia on the political and civic agenda. Yet in the recent developments, addressing the problem of Islamophobia or institutional racism has become a ground for disqualification and even criminalization of various initiatives by Muslims (Bechrouri 2022; Talpin 2022). The structuring role of Islamophobia in the organization of the French state has been the subject of several studies.…”