Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium

Discovery of gallium, germanium, lutetium, and hafnium isotopes

“…"Besides all the known activities a component which decayed with a half-life of approximately 2 minutes was observed." The reported half-life of 2.0(1) min agrees with the presently accepted value of 126(2) s. 76…”

“…Morinaga et al discovered 75 Ga in 1960 as reported in "Three new isotopes, 63 Co, 75 Ga, 81 As" [42]. Metallic germanium was irradiated with 25 MeV bremsstrahlung from the Tohoku betatron and 75 Ga was produced in the photo-nuclear reaction 76 Ge(γ,p). Gamma-and beta-radiation were measured with scintillation spectrometers following chemical separation.…”

“…The observation of 76 Ga was described by Takashi et al in the 1961 paper "Some new activities produced by fast neutron bombardments" [43]. Fast neutrons produced by bombarding graphite targets with 20 MeV deuterons from the Tokyo 160 cm variable energy cyclotron irradiated a metallic germanium sample.…”

“…Thirty-one germanium isotopes from A = 60−90 have been discovered so far; these include 5 stable ( 70 Ge, 72−74 Ge, and 76 Ge), 11 neutron-deficient and 15 neutron-rich isotopes. According to the HFB-14 model [14], 105 Ge should be the last odd-even particle stable neutron-rich nucleus while the even-even particle stable neutron-rich nuclei should continue through 110 Ge.…”

“…In the following the discovery of each germanium isotope is discussed in detail and a summary is presented in Table 1. 70 Ge, 72−74 Ge, and 76…”