Environmental Technologies to Treat Rare Earth Element Pollution: Principles and Engineering

doi:10.2166/9781789062236

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 655 publications

(896 reference statements)

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“…Metals are one of these resources, particularly the critical metals used in modern technologies (smartphones, electronic compounds, wind turbines, permanent magnet, electric cars, etc.) because of their unique physical and chemical properties 1 .These critical elements combine high economic value (in terms of end-use applications) and high risk of disruption in supplies due to limited reserves and geopolitical considerations 2,3 . Among these metals, rare earth elements (REEs), including lanthanides, yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc), are among the most critical in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Ligand-Promoted Dissolution at Mild pH for the Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements in Bauxite Residues

Lallemand

Ambrosi

Borschneck

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In a context of overexploitation of natural resources, a circular economy and particularly the extraction of resources from secondary sources, are essential to sustain a number of key technologies including renewable energies. Among secondary sources, bauxite residue contains critical elements including rare earth elements (REEs) (712mg/kg). We investigated the use of soft and selective dissolution protocols at mild pHs (2-6) as an alternative to pyroand hydrometallurgy for the recovery of REEs through ligand-promoted dissolution. This approach depends on the detailed characterization of the waste and the speciation of targeted elements. We assessed dissolution using low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and their conjugate bases. Citric acid/citrate showed satisfactory dissolution of REEs (up to 50% of light REEs) up to a pH of nearly 5, while tartaric acid/tartrate showed the best dissolution selectivity (enrichment factor up to 21.5 compared to Fe, Al and Ti). Almost no heavy REEs were dissolved in any of the conditions tested, probably due to the high chemical stability of their bearing phases. Indeed, heavy REEs were found as discrete phosphate particles. SynopsisLigand-promoted dissolution, an interesting mechanism for the development of selective recovery processes of REEs from bauxite residue in mild pH conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Ligand-Promoted Dissolution at Mild pH for the Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements in Bauxite Residues

Lallemand

Ambrosi

Borschneck

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The current war in Ukraine and the economic sanctions now imposed on Russia mean that the world's supply of rare earth metals is likely to be reduced, with a cascading effect on various sectors, such as the car industry and aviation, as well as across the electronic goods branch. This shows the need for more environmentally sustainable approaches toward handling REEs [102]. We need to be cognizant of some REEs' toxicity for human health if handled incorrectly [103], and need to develop tools and strategies to encourage more reuse and recycling for these important materials.…”

Section: Future Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Rare Earth Elements as Critical Raw Materials

et al. 2023

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The boom in technological advances in recent decades has led to increased demand for rare earth elements (REEs) (also known as rare earth metals) across various industries with wide-ranging industrial applications, including in the clean energy sector, but with some environmental, economic, and social footprint concerns. This paper reviews the complexities of the production, consumption, and reuse or recovery of REEs, presenting current trends in terms of potentials and challenges associated with this. This paper in particular focuses on the supply, demand, and (environmental and economic) sustainability of REEs, as a subset of critical raw materials. It does so via a critical stocktaking of key discussions and debates in the field over the past 15 years up until now, through a thematic analysis of the published and gray (policy) literature with a grounded theory approach. The paper finds that carefully balanced lifecycle sustainability assessments are needed for assessing the respective dimensions of the extraction, processing, and reuse or recovery methods for different types of REE sources and supplies to meet current and future demands. It furthermore diagnoses the need for taking into account some shifts and substitutions among REEs also for reasons of cost and locational supplies for the security of supply. Finally, the paper provides some overall policy recommendations for addressing current problems, with a conceptual framing of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

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“…These elements are indispensable components of magnetic, optical, and electronic devices used in the defense and aerospace industries for the production of unmanned aerial vehicles, guided missiles, laser guidance devices for satellite communications, etc. [3][4][5]. Rare earth elements are used in agriculture as supplements to fertilizers to improve crop growth and production and, thus, are accumulated in the soil [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements in the Seagrass Zostera noltei and Sediments from the Black Sea Coast of Crimea

Ryabushko,

Kapranov,

Gureeva

et al. 2023

JMSE

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In the present work, we assessed the contents of rare earth elements (REEs), including yttrium and scandium, in rhizomes and leaves of the widespread seagrass Zostera noltei Hornemann 1832 and in the nearby sediments from the Black Sea coast. The total REE content in the sediments was found to be much higher than in Z. noltei. The order of decrease in the major REE contents in the sediments and the seagrass rhizomes was identical, except for La and Y. La was the most abundant in the sediments, and Y in the rhizomes. The contents of all REEs in rhizomes of Z. noltei were 1.5–10 times higher than in the leaves. The highest difference in the REE contents was found for the minor elements (Sm–Lu). The translocation factors for Sc and the minor elements (excluding Tb) from the sediments to the rhizomes and from the rhizomes to the leaves turned out to be pairwise equal, which indicates the similarity of the REE translocation mechanisms. Comparing our results with the literature data, it is possible to conclude that the seagrass Z. noltei does not have an advantage in the REE accumulation over marine macroalgae. At the same time, large coastal deposits of this seagrass after storms allow us to consider it as a possible source of REEs in the future.

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Environmental Technologies to Treat Rare Earth Element Pollution: Principles and Engineering

Cited by 9 publications

References 655 publications

Potential of Ligand-Promoted Dissolution at Mild pH for the Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements in Bauxite Residues

Potential of Ligand-Promoted Dissolution at Mild pH for the Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements in Bauxite Residues

Understanding Rare Earth Elements as Critical Raw Materials

Rare Earth Elements in the Seagrass Zostera noltei and Sediments from the Black Sea Coast of Crimea

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